历子是古代官员的日常考绩文书,起于唐,发展于五代,盛行于两宋。唐代历子的发给范围仅限于通过南选得官的地方基层官员,五代则扩展为所有地方基层官员,宋代又推广到所有有职守的内外文武官任。历子上钤有中央政府人事主管部门的印信,主要批书官员的日常绩效,对历子的考课磨勘关乎官员的奖惩、黜陟。宋代印纸历子有完善的录白副本归档制度,是最重要的人事档案形式之一。 Calendar is the ancient official daily performance appraisal instruments, starting in the Tang Dynasty, developed in the Five Dynasties, prevalent in the two Song. The distribution of the calendars of the Tang Dynasty was confined to the local grass-roots officials who passed the election to the south and to the grass-roots officials of all localities in the Five Dynasties. The Song Dynasty was also promoted to all civil and military officials with internal and external duties. On the calendar, there are letters from the central government’s personnel department, the daily performance of the chiefly approved booksellers, the rewards and punishments of officials related to the calendar examinations. Song calendar paper calendar with a perfect copy of the filing system is one of the most important forms of personnel files.