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在中学教课书里判断极性分子与非极性分子是根据两个方面,一是键型;二是分子的空间构型。若分子是由非极性键构成,则此分子是非极性分子,如:H_2、O_2、N_2等。若分子是极性键构成,则要根据此分子的空间构型,也就是说此分子的空间构型是否对称,正负电荷重心是否重叠来确定极性分子与非极性分子。对于前者学生易掌握,后者学生较难掌握。这里介绍我的一点体会。对于极性键分子从中心原子和中心原子最外层电子数来进行判断。
The judgment of polar molecules and non-polar molecules in secondary school textbooks is based on two aspects: one is bond type; the other is the spatial configuration of molecules. If the molecule consists of non-polar bonds, this molecule is a non-polar molecule, such as: H2, O2, N2, etc. If the molecule is composed of polar bonds, the polar and non-polar molecules are determined based on the spatial configuration of the molecule, that is, whether the spatial configuration of the molecule is symmetrical and whether the positive and negative charge centers of gravity overlap. For the former students easy to master, the latter students more difficult to grasp. Here’s my experience. The polarity of the molecule is determined from the number of outermost electrons in the central atom and the central atom.