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目的针对贫困大学生心理健康问题提供有效的教育对策。方法在大学新生中开展16PF调查并发现贫困大学生的心理问题。结果本次测查共测量被试8302人,删除部分无效量表,实际有效数据为7742人,问卷有效率为93.27%,其中,以月生活费不足200元作为贫困生的标准,检出贫困生304人,占总人数的3.9%。22.0%的贫困生出现各种心理问题,调查表明贫困生在乐群性、恃强性、兴奋性、敢为性、敏感性、怀疑性、幻想性、世故性这8个因素上得分显著低于非贫困生(P<0.05),事实上也表现为与正常大学生心理健康状况有显著差异。结论贫困大学生心理问题表现为:心理矛盾的冲突性;人际交往消极退缩;情绪孤独、抑郁等。教育对策:就社会系统而言,需要增加社会支持系统的内容和质量;就学校教育系统而言,要转变教育模式;就家庭教育而言,父母也应承担起对子女进行心理健康教育的社会职责;同时,大学生还要加强心理健康的自我教育,努力塑造健康完善的人格结构。
Aim To provide effective educational solutions to the psychological health problems of poor college students. Methods A 16PF survey was conducted among undergraduates to find out the psychological problems of impoverished undergraduates. Results A total of 8302 subjects were measured in this survey. Some invalid questionnaires were deleted. The actual effective data was 7742 and the effective rate of the questionnaire was 93.27%. Among them, monthly subsistence costs were less than 200 yuan as the standard of poor students, 304 people, 3.9% of the total number. 22.0% of the poor students have various psychological problems. The survey shows that the poor students scored significantly lower on the eight factors of music group, bullying, excitement, daring, sensitivity, suspicion, fantasy and sophistication In non-poor students (P <0.05), in fact, also showed a significant difference with the normal college students mental health status. Conclusion The psychological problems of poor college students are as follows: Conflict of psychological contradictions; Negative withdrawal of interpersonal communication; Emotional loneliness, depression and so on. Educational strategies: In the case of social systems, the content and quality of the social support system need to be increased. In the case of the school education system, the educational model needs to be changed. In the case of family education, parents should also undertake the social education of their children’s mental health At the same time, college students also need to strengthen mental health self-education and strive to create a healthy and perfect personality structure.