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软决策方法是由专家参与,确定出各个因素的重要性或权重,再进行综合评判,作出决策。这一方法的基本原理是模糊数学中的综合评判B=A*R。这里,R是由方案中的各个因子的模糊评判值组成的模糊矩阵;A是由表示各个因子重要性的权重组成的列矩阵;B是评判结果;*是运算符号。评判多个水土流失治理方案时,由专家和科研人员先评价这些方案的可能性、合理性和可行性,后通过综合评判,选择出最佳方案;评价一个总体规划时,可由专家和科研人员对涉及到的土地利用规划、林草建设规划、牲畜发展规划、农田基建规划、农业生产规划和多种经营规划等单项规划作出评价,并给出它们在总体规划中的权重,再做出该总体规划是“可行”或“不可行”的决策;从给定的数个方案中选择最佳方案时,也可先用隶属函数把农业用地、林业用地、牧业用地、水土流失治理总投资和副业收入等值转换为0.0～1.0之间的数值,组成模糊矩阵进行评判。然后通过比较,计算出各个方案的评判结果同理想方案的贴近度。贴近度最大者即为最佳方案。
Soft decision-making method is the participation of experts to determine the importance of each factor or weight, and then make a comprehensive assessment, make decisions. The basic principle of this method is the comprehensive evaluation in fuzzy mathematics B = A * R. Here, R is a fuzzy matrix composed of fuzzy evaluation values of various factors in the scheme; A is a column matrix composed of weights representing the importance of various factors; B is a judgment result; and * is an operation symbol. When judging a number of soil and water loss control programs, experts and researchers first evaluate the feasibility, rationality and feasibility of these solutions and then select the best solution through comprehensive evaluation. When evaluating a master plan, experts and researchers The land use planning, forest and grass construction planning, livestock development planning, farmland infrastructure planning, agricultural production planning and multi-business planning and other individual plans to make an assessment, and give their weight in the overall plan, and then make the The overall planning is “feasible” or “not feasible” decision; from a given number of programs to choose the best program, you can also use the membership function to agricultural land, forestry land, animal husbandry, soil and water loss control of the total investment And sideline income equivalents converted to 0.0 ~ 1.0 between the value of fuzzy matrix composed of judgments. Then through comparison, calculated the results of each program and the ideal scheme of closeness. Proximity is the best solution.