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抗战爆发前,国民政府维护“五族”的民族政治结构,对西南彝族、苗族等少数民族代表争取民族权利和民族地位的运动未予以积极回应。1939年后,国民政府积极建设以西昌为中心的西康宁属地区,组织兴修乐西公路。为与西康省政当局进行政治竞争,国民政府积极介入西康彝务,利用宁属地方上层人物和有着中央受训经历的彝族精英,动员彝胞参与筑路,积极培养彝族干部。筑路和通车前后,国民政府积极宣传彝工对于筑路的贡献,正面呈现彝族的民族形象,在某种程度上可视为对西南少数民族地位的政治承认。对抗战时期国民政府对西南少数民族政策的研究,有助于反思海内外学界长期以来对于国民政府推行“同化”政策、否认民族差异的既有看法。
Before the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, the national government upheld the ethnic political structure of the “Five Cultures” and failed to respond positively to the campaign of ethnic minorities such as southwest Yi, Miao and other ethnic groups to fight for their national rights and nationalities. After 1939, the Kuomintang government actively built Xikang Ning, a region centered around Xichang, and organized the rehabilitation of Lexi Highway. In order to compete politically with the Xikang provincial government, the Kuomintang government actively intervened in the Xikang Yi service and mobilized the Yi people and the Yi elite to take active part in Ningkang’s local elite and the elite with the experience of being trained by the Central Government to actively participate in the cultivation of Yi cadres. Before and after the road construction and the opening to traffic, the national government actively promoted the contribution of Yi workers to roads and presented the national image of Yi people in a positive way, which can be regarded as political recognition of the status of southwest ethnic minorities to some extent. The study of the national government’s policies on the ethnic minorities in Southwest China during the Anti-Japanese War helps to reflect the long-standing view that both academics at home and abroad have implemented the “assimilation” policy for the Kuomintang government and denied ethnic differences.