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在人类学界,文化相对主义观由美国历史学派创始人博厄斯最先提出,经过博厄斯及其门生的阐发,文化相对主义思潮在二战前后达到高潮,影响甚远。历史学派文化相对论虽然在发展后期遭到了各种批判,受到极大的冲击,但是文化相对主义的理念和传统仍然像一面鲜明的旗帜,标志着文化人类学的学科特征。
In the field of anthropology, the concept of cultural relativism was first proposed by Boas, the founder of the American history school. After Boas and his disciples’ elucidation, the trend of cultural relativism culminated in World War II, far-reaching influence. Although the historical school theory of relativity of culture has been criticized and suffered a great impact in the late development stage, the concept and tradition of cultural relativism still look like a distinctive banner and mark the discipline characteristics of cultural anthropology.