目的了解三峡水库成库前后开县乙型病毒性肝炎(以下简称乙肝)的报告发病情况和流行病学特点,为制定预防控制策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对开县2005—2012年在国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的乙肝发病资料进行分析。结果开县成库前乙肝发病率为133.53/10万,成库后为64.18/10万,8年平均发病率为99.60/10万。结论开县成库后经济发展迅速,免疫规划工作有了明显提高,乙肝发病率明显下降(农村和城区发病率均下降),成库后40岁以上发病比例均有增加。加强乙肝监测和免疫接种,开展乙肝的宣传教育,将有效控制乙肝的流行。 Objective To understand the reported incidence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Kaixian County before and after the Three Gorges Reservoir into a reservoir and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of hepatitis B incidence reported by the National Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System in Kai County from 2005 to 2012. Results The incidence of hepatitis B in Kaixian County was 133.53 / 100000, and it was 64.18 / 100000 after the library was opened. The average incidence in 8 years was 99.60 / 100000. Conclusions Kaixian has experienced rapid economic development since the establishment of the reservoir and the immunization planning work has been significantly improved. The incidence of hepatitis B has obviously decreased (the incidence in both rural and urban areas has declined), and the incidence of the disease over the age of 40 has increased after the establishment of the reservoir. Strengthen hepatitis B surveillance and immunization, to carry out publicity and education of hepatitis B, will effectively control the epidemic of hepatitis B.