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铜渣是有色金属火法炼铜过程中产出的固体废弃物。通过化学分析、XRD衍射、SEM-EDS和热重等分析铜渣的特性。铜渣主要成分是赤铁矿(α-Fe_2O_3)、铁橄榄石(Fe_2SiO_4)、磁铁矿(Fe_3O_4)和非晶态硅石,并含有铜及少量镍、钴等有价组分。铁橄榄石和磁铁矿约占总渣量的90%。冷却方式影响渣中铁橄榄石的形成,空冷渣中铁橄榄石的比例明显高于水淬铜渣中的铁橄榄石含量。磁铁矿以多边状、树枝状、放射状结构存在于硅酸盐基体中;铁橄榄石呈柱状、板状、树突状颗粒存在于炉渣基体中;铜矿物或被硅铁氧化物所包裹,或与铜铁矿物共同形成斑状结构及多矿物共生嵌于铁橄榄石基体中。铜渣中铁橄榄石组分首先在491～1 173℃之间氧化转变为赤铁矿和非晶态硅石,其次是磁铁矿发生Fe_3O_4→γ-Fe_2O_3→α-Fe_2O_3的晶型转变过程。加热可以使铁橄榄石、铜和铁的硫化物及磷化物发生氧化反应。
Copper slag is a non-ferrous metal pyrometallurgical process of solid waste generated. The properties of copper slag were analyzed by chemical analysis, XRD, SEM-EDS and thermogravimetry. The main components of copper slag are hematite (α-Fe_2O_3), fayalite (Fe_2SiO_4), magnetite (Fe_3O_4) and amorphous silica, and contain copper and a small amount of nickel, cobalt and other valuable components. Fayalite and magnetite account for about 90% of the total slag. The cooling mode affects the formation of fayalite in the slag. The proportion of fayalite in the air-cooled slag is obviously higher than that of forsterite in the water-quenched copper slag. Magnetite polygonal, dendritic, radial structure exists in the silicate matrix; fayalite was columnar, plate-like, dendritic particles present in the slag matrix; copper minerals or ferrosilicon oxide is wrapped , Or together with the copper-iron minerals to form macular and multi-mineral symbiotic embedded in the olivine matrix. The fayalite feldspar components first oxidized to hematite and amorphous silica at 491-1173 ℃, followed by the crystalline transformation of Fe_3O_4 → γ-Fe_2O_3 → α-Fe_2O_3 in magnetite. Heating can make forsterite, copper and iron sulfide and phosphide oxidation reaction.