放射线主要作用于细胞核DNA(如MAR区域)、细胞膜(如鞘磷脂酶-神经酰胺)和胞浆内一些蛋白(如Apaf-1/IAP)等。随着对DNA修复、细胞周期的控制、信号的传导、肿瘤的微环境中的分子靶向目标认识的深入,利用分子生物学可对肿瘤放射治疗进行指导。因此,我们有必要了解相关的细胞分子 Radiation mainly acts on nuclear DNA (such as the MAR region), cell membrane (such as sphingomyelin-ceramide) and some proteins in the cytoplasm (such as Apaf-1 / IAP). With the understanding of DNA repair, cell cycle control, signal transduction and molecular targeting in the microenvironment of the tumor, molecular biology can be used to guide tumor radiotherapy. Therefore, we need to understand the relevant cellular molecules