长期施肥对褐潮土氮、有机质动态变化的影响

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通过北京昌平“国家褐潮土土壤肥力和肥料效益监测基地”的长期定位试验(1991—2003年),研究了长期施肥条件下对褐潮土氮、有机质动态变化的影响。结果表明:氮磷钾化肥配施有机物料提高耕层土壤全氮的效果最为明显,配施有机肥和秸秆处理分别比不施肥增加21.11%和14.35%,明显高于单一施用化肥。长期单施氮肥,或氮磷配合,或氮磷钾配合也显著增加了土壤全氮含量,分别比对照增加10.03%,8.32%和8.40%,而磷钾配合降低了土壤全氮含量。土壤碱解氮含量仍然是氮磷钾配施有机肥或秸杆处理优于单施化肥,分别比对照增加34.97%和32.96%,长期单施氮肥,或氮磷配合,或氮钾配合,或氮磷钾配合,分别比对照增加17.26%,21.55%,23.83%和26.41%。配合施用有机肥处理耕层土壤有机质含量明显高于单施化肥处理;与不施肥比较,NPK+秸秆以及NPK+有机肥处理土壤有机质含量分别增加7.90%和14.56%,氮磷钾配合和氮磷配合分别比对照增加6.51%和5.89%,而单施氮肥仅增加2.56%。可见NPK平衡施用及其配施有机肥对增加土壤有机质含量具有重要作用。 The effects of long-term fertilization on the dynamic changes of nitrogen and organic matter in brown soil were studied through the long-term experiment (1991-2003) conducted by Beijing Changping National Soil and Fertilizer Benefit Monitoring Base of the State Brown Soil. The results showed that NPK fertilizers combined with organic materials had the most obvious effect on improving soil total nitrogen in the topsoil. The treatment with organic manure and straw increased by 21.11% and 14.35% respectively compared with no fertilization, which was significantly higher than that of single application of fertilizers. Long-term single application of nitrogen, or nitrogen and phosphorus, or NPK also significantly increased soil total nitrogen content, respectively, compared with the control increased by 10.03%, 8.32% and 8.40%, while phosphorus and potassium decreased soil total nitrogen content. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in soil was still significantly higher than that of single application of NPK or organic fertilizer by 34.97% and 32.96% respectively compared with the control. Long-term single application of nitrogen, or nitrogen and phosphorus, or nitrogen and potassium, or NPK complex, respectively, increased by 17.26%, 21.55%, 23.83% and 26.41% than the control. The contents of organic matter in the soils treated with organic manure were significantly higher than those in the single manure application. Compared with no fertilization, the contents of organic matter in soil increased by 7.90% and 14.56%, respectively, with NPK + straw and NPK + 6.51% and 5.89% more than the control, while the nitrogen application only increased 2.56%. It can be seen that NPK balanced application and its application of organic manure play an important role in increasing soil organic matter content.
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