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目的:分析基本药物制度推行中存在的问题并提出相应的对策和建议。方法:对医疗机构的选择采用分层抽样法,对患者采用随机拦截法进行问卷调查,了解农村患者对基本药物制度的认知情况、制度实施对用药行为的影响。结果:544份有效问卷中,仅有19.8%的农村患者表示听说过或者较了解基本药物制度,在基本药物制度知晓率的影响因素分析中发现职业类型是影响知晓率的关键因素。有24.4%的患者表示存在不同程度用药需求不能得到满足的现象。结论:农村门诊患者人群对基本药物制度知晓情况不理想;基本药物目录满足农村门诊患者用药需求方面有待完善;基层医务人员推行基本药物的主动性有所欠缺。建议有针对性地加强基本药物制度宣传力度;培训、监督和激励相结合,充分发挥医务人员推行基本药物制度的作用;合理调整基本药物目录,满足公众基本医疗需求;推进基本药物制度立法,保障政策刚性。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the existing problems in the implementation of the basic drug system and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Methods: The stratified sampling method was used to choose the medical institutions, and random questionnaire was used to investigate the cognition of patients in rural areas on the basic drug system and the influence of the system implementation on the medication behavior. Results: Of the 544 valid questionnaires, only 19.8% of rural patients said they had heard about or had a better understanding of the basic medicine system. Occupational types were the key factors influencing the awareness rate in the analysis of the influencing factors of the awareness of the basic drug system. 24.4% of patients said there are different levels of medication needs can not be met. Conclusion: The outpatient population in rural areas do not know the basic drug system well; the catalog of essential medicines needs to be improved in order to meet the demand of patients in rural outpatient department; the grassroots medical staff have some shortages in implementing the basic medicines. It is suggested that the promotion of the basic drug system should be intensified in a targeted manner; the combination of training, supervision and incentive should be given to give full play to the role of medical personnel in implementing the basic drug system; to properly adjust the basic drug list to meet the public basic medical needs; to promote the legislation of the basic drug system and safeguard Policy is rigid.