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近年来,随着医学分子生物学技术的提高和对肿瘤发病机制的进一步认识,开始了应用单克隆抗体、基因、脂质体、反义寡核苷酸等特异性地作用于癌细胞生长因子受体、信号传导通路中的特定酶位点,以及癌细胞增殖、分裂、侵袭和转移相关基因的特定靶点,特异性地作用于癌细胞,不作用或很少作用于正常细胞,在杀死癌细胞的同时不杀死或极少杀伤正常细胞,同时又能极大地降低宿主毒性反应的治疗方法,人们称之为“靶向治疗”。口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤约占全身恶性肿瘤的10%,虽然所占比例不高,但其解剖部位特殊,涉及美观和重要的生理功能,治疗效果却一直不是十分理想。手术、放疗、化疗3种手段各有特点,互为补充。但大量的统计数据已经告诉我们,在整个临床医学中,大约有30%的患者并不能从传统的治疗模式中获益,甚至只会体验到副作用[1]。随着口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤分子生物学和分子病理学研究的不断深入和探索,更多靶向治疗的试验正在进行或正在计划中,现就靶向治疗技术在口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤中的应用进展综述如下。
In recent years, with the improvement of medical molecular biology technology and further understanding of tumor pathogenesis, the application of monoclonal antibodies, genes, liposomes, antisense oligonucleotides and the like has started to specifically act on cancer cell growth factor Receptors, specific enzyme sites in signaling pathways, and specific targets of genes involved in proliferation, division, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells act specifically on cancer cells with little or no effect on normal cells, Known as “targeted therapy”, dead cancer cells do not kill or rarely kill normal cells while greatly reducing the host’s toxic response. Oral and maxillofacial malignancies account for about 10% of all malignant tumors. Although their proportions are not high, their anatomical sites are special and involve beautiful and important physiological functions. However, the therapeutic effect has not been very satisfactory. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy 3 kinds of means have their own characteristics, complement each other. However, a large amount of statistics have told us that about 30% of patients in clinical medicine can not benefit from the traditional treatment model and may even experience side effects [1]. With the deepening and exploration of the molecular biology and molecular pathology of oral and maxillofacial malignancies, more targeted therapy trials are under way or are planned. Nowadays, targeting therapies in oral and maxillofacial malignancies The application progress is summarized as follows.