现代性与启蒙运动是一脉相承的,现代性产生于以启蒙运动为核心的资本主义价值观。但是晚期资本主义社会的危机,从根本上颠覆了人性与价值的二元伦理观。现代性是在西方工业革命之后产生的,是对现代社会工具理性主义的理论反映。随着西方工业革命之后各种社会矛盾的发展,启蒙主义逐渐暴露出自身的缺点,于是现代性就成为哲学家们十分关注的理论问题。1卡夫卡《城堡》就颠覆了现代性中对人性的一贯看法。在对现代主义的批判中,现代小说首次以象征 Modernity and Enlightenment are of the same strain. Modernity results from the capitalist values ​​centered on the Enlightenment. However, the crisis of the late capitalist society has fundamentally subverted the dual ethics of human nature and value. Modernity was born after the Western Industrial Revolution and was a theoretical reflection of the instrumentalism of modern social tools. With the development of various social conflicts after the Western Industrial Revolution, Enlightenment gradually exposed its own shortcomings, so that modernity has become a theoretical issue that philosophers are very concerned about. 1 Kafka “Castle” subverts the usual view of humanity in modernity. In the critique of modernism, modern novels are symbolized for the first time