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人体的内环境中包含有各种各样的离子。在正常情况下,其离子活度是相对稳定的。一旦有不稳定的情况发生,离子活度就会有一个明显的变化,例如疾病、剧烈运动、惊慌等等。而对这种微环境离子活度的变化的测量就可以作为诊治疾病、测试生理的有力手段。离子选择性微电极就是一种能测定细胞等生物微环境单一离子活度的信息传感器。其基本原理就是离子活度的对数值与由离子选择性微电极和参比电极构成的电动势之间存在线性关系。即公式E=E~(?)±RT/uFIna_1。这种电极自50年代问世以来,通过敏感材料的不断更新,技术制造的不断改进,使离子选择性电极逐步向着微型化、选择性强和精确度高的方向发展,并以其灵活的反应灵敏度和良好的反应精确度越来越受到人们的重视。现在H~+、Na~+、K~-、Li~-、Ca~(2-)、Mg~(2-)、HCO_3~-、Cl~-多种离子选择性微电极均已获得成功,并已广泛地应用于生物医学各方面。其中比较重要的应用在以下两个方面:
The human body’s environment contains a wide range of ions. Under normal conditions, its ion activity is relatively stable. In the event of an unstable situation, there will be a significant change in ion activity, such as disease, strenuous exercise, panic and so on. The measurement of changes in the activity of this microenvironment ion can be used as a powerful tool to diagnose and treat diseases and test physiology. An ion-selective microelectrode is an information sensor that measures the activity of a single ion in a biological microenvironment, such as a cell. The basic principle is that there is a linear relationship between the logarithm of ion activity and the electromotive force formed by the ion-selective microelectrode and the reference electrode. That is, the formula E = E ~ (?) ± RT / uFIna_1. Since the advent of the electrode in the 50’s, the electrode has been continuously updated with sensitive materials and the continuous improvement of manufacturing technology has led to the development of miniaturization, selectivity and accuracy of ion-selective electrodes. With its flexible reaction sensitivity And a good response accuracy more and more people’s attention. Now many ion selective microelectrodes such as H ~ +, Na ~ +, K ~ -, Li ~ -, Ca ~ (2-), Mg ~ (2 -), HCO 3 ~ - and Cl ~ And has been widely used in all aspects of biomedicine. One of the more important applications in the following two aspects: