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目前,东北地区农田土壤耕层中明显存在的“浅、实、少”问题,已成为制约区域农业发展的主要限制因素。本文对辽西地区主要作物农田土壤耕层和养分状况进行了调查分析,结果表明:辽西地区的平均耕层为15.17 cm,比我国土壤平均耕层(16.5 cm)低1.33 cm。阜新、铁岭、朝阳、赤峰的有效耕层土壤量分别为2.27×106、1.97×106、1.95×106、1.79×106 kg/hm2,均低于正常有效耕层土壤量(2.72×106 kg/hm2),分别低16.5%、27.6%、28.3%、34.2%。但阜新、铁岭、朝阳、赤峰的土壤体积质量平均值分别为1.32、1.38、1.33、1.33 g/cm3,均高于作物生长适宜的土壤体积质量范围(1.1~1.3 g/cm3)。同时,辽西地区土壤养分状况也较为低下,其中速效P总变异趋势最大,pH值总变异趋势最小。
At present, the problem of “shallow, real and less ” obvious in farmland soil plow in northeast China has become the main limiting factor restricting the development of agriculture in the region. In this paper, the survey and analysis of the status of soil tillage and nutrients in the main crops farmland in western Liaoning showed that the average tillage in western Liaoning was 15.17 cm, which was 1.33 cm lower than the average tillage in China (16.5 cm). The effective tillage soil volume in Fuxin, Tieling, Chaoyang and Chifeng was 2.27 × 106, 1.97 × 106, 1.95 × 106 and 1.79 × 106 kg / hm2, respectively, which were lower than those of normal and tillage soil (2.72 × 106 kg / hm2 ), Respectively, down 16.5%, 27.6%, 28.3% and 34.2% respectively. However, the average soil volumetric mass of Fuxin, Tieling, Chaoyang and Chifeng were 1.32, 1.38, 1.33 and 1.33 g / cm3, respectively, which were higher than the suitable soil volume range of 1.1-1.3 g / cm3 for crop growth. At the same time, the soil nutrient status in western Liaoning was also relatively low, with the trend of total variation in available P and maximum in total variation of pH.