党的十二届三中全会决定的发表,标志着中国经济体制改革进入了一个新的阶段。经济体制改革的实质是要打破过去那种由自然经济系统和产品经济系统形成的僵化模式,建立起社会主义的有计划的商品经济模式。由于建筑业和基本建设管理体制的改革是城市经济体制改革的突破口,因此,如何实现固定资产投资宏观控制的旧模式向新模式的转换,如何建立固定资产投资的宏观调节体系,是整个经济体制改革中实行有效宏观控制的关键性问题。一、建立新的固定资产投资宏观调节体系是当务之急长期以来,我国在固定资产投资的宏观调节体系方面,一直沿袭苏联的僵化模式。固定资产投资规模完全靠指令性计划控制,是靠独立于生产和流通领域以外的行政机构进行决策;资金的分配单纯采用无偿的拨款手段,按项目计划和行政区划进行分配。这种单调的、僵化的固定资产投资宏观控制模式的弊端在于:偏面地理解了有计划按比例发展规律,而忽视了商品经济的基本规律,即价值规律,在管理上偏面地依靠了行政手段,而忽视了各种经济杠杆的调 The publication of the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 12th CPC Central Committee marks a new stage in the reform of China’s economic structure. The essence of the reform of the economic system is to break through the rigid model formed by the natural economic system and the product economic system in the past and establish a planned socialist commodity economy. As the reform of the management system of construction industry and capital construction is a breakthrough in the reform of the urban economic system, how to realize the transformation from the old mode of macro-control of fixed assets investment to the new mode and how to establish the macro-adjustment system of fixed assets investment is the key to the entire economic system Key Issues for Implementing Effective Macro Control in the Reform. I. Establishing a New Macro Adjustment System for Fixed Assets Investment Is a Top Priority Since a long time ago, our country has followed the rigid model of the Soviet Union in terms of the macro adjustment system for investment in fixed assets. The scale of investment in fixed assets is entirely controlled by the mandatory plan, which is based on the decision-making by an administrative agency independent of the production and circulation areas. The allocation of funds is based on the project plan and administrative divisions solely on the basis of unpaid means of appropriation. The drawbacks of this monotonous and rigid macroeconomic control over fixed-asset investment lie in its partial understanding of the fact that there is a planned pro-rata development and neglect of the basic law of commodity economy, the law of value, Administrative means, while ignoring the transfer of various economic levers