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目的了解医院新生儿科住院患儿医院感染情况,为有效控制新生儿医院感染提供参考。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,对某医院新生儿科住院所有新生儿医院感染状况进行目标性监测,检测病原菌并进行耐药性分析。结果共监测住院新生儿3 963例,监测到医院感染新生儿158例、182例次,医院感染率为3.99%、例次感染率为4.59%。新生儿医院感染以下呼吸道感染和血液相关感染占主导,其次是上呼吸道感染、口腔感染和眼感染。新生儿出生时胎龄越小、出生体重越轻,医院感染率越高。新生儿感染病原菌居前5位的分别是大肠埃希菌、葡萄球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和真菌。临床分离的革兰阴性菌对头孢类抗菌药物耐药率均超过50%。结论住院新生儿出生时胎龄越小、体重越轻,医院感染发生率越高,通过目标监测可有针对性地采取防控措施。
Objective To understand the prevalence of nosocomial infections in hospital neonates and to provide reference for effective control of neonatal nosocomial infections. Methods A prospective study was conducted to systematically monitor the neonatal hospital infection in neonates in a hospital and detect the pathogenic bacteria and analyze the drug resistance. Results A total of 3 963 newborns were monitored in the hospital. 158 newborns were hospitalized and 182 were detected. The nosocomial infection rate was 3.99% and the rate of infection was 4.59%. The following respiratory infections and blood-related infections predominate in neonatal hospital infections, followed by upper respiratory tract infections, oral and eye infections. Neonatal birth gestational age is smaller, the birth weight lighter, the higher the hospital infection rate. The top 5 neonatal infections were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and fungi. Clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria resistant to cephalosporins antibiotics were more than 50%. Conclusion The smaller the gestational age at birth, the lighter the weight of hospitalized newborn infants, the higher the incidence of nosocomial infection. Targeted monitoring and control measures can be adopted.