介绍了特殊地层条件下井壁破裂机理的研究现状，以井壁竖直附加力学说为基础，针对底部含水层疏水排放引起的地面沉降、井壁破裂问题，建立了包括井壁在内的粘弹性数学模型；同时对３个不同的含水层的数值模拟过程做了简单介绍；最后以工程实测水位降深历时曲线与模型计算曲线相对比来说明文中所建模型是可行的． In this paper, the research status of the shaft wall rupture mechanism under special formation conditions is introduced. Based on the vertical additional force theory of the borehole wall, aiming at the problem of ground subsidence and wall rupture caused by hydrophobic discharge of the bottom aquifer, the viscoelasticity Mathematical model. At the same time, the numerical simulation process of three different aquifers is introduced briefly. Finally, the model built in this paper is feasible by comparing the historical curve of the actual measured water level with the curve of the model calculation.