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土壤中硝态氮和铵态氮的含量直接影响着作物的生长和品质。通过田间试验研究了不同有机肥料氮素在土壤中的转化及其对草莓生长和果实品质的影响。结果表明,施用有机肥可以提高草莓苗期土壤硝态氮的比例,硝铵比值大于尿素处理,同时有机肥处理硝铵比值从苗期至盛花期呈下降趋势,但尿素处理则表现为上升的趋势,而花序现蕾期土壤硝铵比的降低,有利于植株花蕾的形成,因此土壤硝铵比值的变化趋势一定程度上决定着草莓的产量和品质。在等量施用氮素养分的条件下,施用有机肥料均较尿素更能促进草莓生长发育和增加草莓产量。施用有机肥对草莓品质的改善作用也优于尿素,果实中糖/酸比值较无肥区提高23.7%-28.7%,较尿素区提高16.5%-21.2%。
Soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content directly affects the crop growth and quality. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different organic fertilizers on nitrogen conversion in soils and their effects on strawberry growth and fruit quality. The results showed that the application of organic manure could increase the ratio of nitrate to nitrogen in strawberry seedling stage, the ratio of ammonium to ammonium was greater than that of urea, while the ratio of organic ammonium fertilizer to ammonium nitrate decreased from the seedling stage to the full flowering stage, while urea treatment showed an increase While the reduction of nitrate-ammonium ratio in inflorescence during flower bud stage is conducive to the formation of plant flower buds. Therefore, the change trend of soil ammonium-ammonium ratio to a certain extent determines the yield and quality of strawberry. Under the condition of equal application of nitrogen, the application of organic fertilizer promoted the growth of strawberry and increased the yield of strawberry more than urea. The application of organic manure also had a better effect on the improvement of strawberry quality than urea. The ratio of sugar to acid in fruit was 23.7% -28.7% higher than that in non-fertilizer area and 16.5% -21.2% higher than urea area.