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马尔库塞认为,在现代发达资本主义国家中,由于统治者和被统治者消费差距上的虚幻弥合已经模糊了被统治者真实利益和直接利益的界限,工人阶级已经被同化入资本主义体制之中而丧失了革命性。因此他主张,从现实社会向自由社会转变的根本变革,必须深入到马克思主义理论几乎没有考虑的人类存在的“生物学的”维度中去。一切革命的可能性和动力,来自于心理的需要和本能结构的转换,未来社会主义的建立要以一种有着不同感性和意识的“新人”为先决条件。他们的想象力将重塑理性,并趋向于把以往窒息人的资本主义生产过程变成一个创造的过程,从而导出了他的乌托邦的社会主义观。
Marcuse argues that in the modern, advanced capitalist countries the working class has been assimilated into the capitalist system because the illusion of closing the gap between the rulers and the ruled by consumption has blurred the real interests and immediate interests of the rulers In the loss of a revolutionary. Therefore, he argues that the fundamental transformation from a real society to a free society must go deep into the “biological” dimensions of human existence that Marxist theory has hardly considered. The possibility and motivation of all revolutions come from the psychological needs and the transformation of the instinctual structure. The establishment of future socialism should be preconditioned by a “newcomer” with different sensibilities and consciences. Their imagination will reshape rationality and tend to turn the process of capitalist production, which used to suffocate man, into a process of creation, thus deriving his utopian view of socialism.