“材料与方法”应准确、详略得当,使他人有重复验证的可能性。凡是已有文献记载的方法,一般简述加引文献即可;如系改进的方法,应详细写明改进之处;如果是创新的方法,更应详尽描述。此外还应具体交代实验设计(包括统计学处理)的方法。当研究对象为人时,应说明研究方案是否符合人体试验伦理学标准,并得到伦理委员会的批准,受试者在受试前是否知情同意并签署知情同意书,调查设计应交代是前 “Materials and methods ” should be accurate, detailed and appropriate, so that others have the possibility of repeated verification. All existing methods documented in the literature are generally briefed on citing documents; if the method is to be improved, the improvements should be stated in detail; and if it is an innovative method, it should be described in detail. In addition, the methods of experimental design (including statistical processing) should also be concretely explained. When the research object is human, it should indicate whether the research protocol meets the ethical standards for human testing and is approved by the Ethics Committee. Whether the subjects have informed consent and signed informed consent prior to the test, the survey design should be submitted to the former