AIM: To study the effects of obstructive jaundice on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.METHODS: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), its receptor, c-Met, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA expression in both liver tissue and isolated liver cells were investigated after biliary obstruction (BO) by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) using a LightCycler. Immunohistochemical staining for desmin and a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was also studied. Regenerating liver weight and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index, and growth factor expression were then evaluated after 70% hepatectomy with concomitant internal biliary drainage in BO rats or sham-operated rats.RESULTS: Hepatic TGF-β1 mRNA levels increased significantly 14 days after BO, and further increased with duration of cholestasis. Meanwhile, HGF and VEGF tended to increase, but was not significant. In cell isolates, TGF-β1 mRNA was found mainly in the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) fraction. Immunohistochemical studies revealed an increased number of HSCs (desmin-positive cells) and activated HSCs (α-SMA-positive cells) in portal areas after BO. In a hepatectomy model, liver regeneration was delayed in BO rats, as compared to sham-operated rats. TGF-β1 mRNA was significantly up-regulated up to 48 h after hepatectomy, and the earlier HGF mRNA peak was lost in BO rats.CONCLUSION: BO induces HSCs proliferation and activation, leading to up-regulation of TGF-β1 mRNA and suppression of HGF mRNA in livers. These altered expression patterns may be strongly involved in delayed liver regeneration after hepatectomy with obstructive jaundice.