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倪东方大师是德艺双馨的石雕泰斗，中国工艺美术大师，是青田石雕史上一位丰碑式的人物。他的作品不仅多次被国家珍宝馆、国家博物馆收藏，还受到邓小平、乔石、温家宝等党和国家领导人赞赏，堪称“石界齐白石”。但就是这样一位成绩卓著、高造诣、高成就的大师，一辈子只念过小学，一辈子都不愿走出那个生他养他的小镇。他像谜一样深深地吸引着我。带着疑问，在一个秋日的傍晚我采访了他。距离近了，慢慢地进入了他的精神世界，知道了一个人的成功并非偶然，从中明白了许多道理。
“大道至简”：专注一件事，干成一件事
倪东方1928年10月出生在青田一个石雕艺人之家，15岁从母学艺。倪大师跟我讲，小时候生活在乡下，那时穷，又逢战乱，家里兄弟姐妹又多，吃不饱干活累是常有的事。但邻里和和睦睦，非常团结，人也单纯，彼此都感到快乐、充实、幸福。“我一辈子没有离开过山口小镇，就是喜欢它的纯朴与简单，不是没有机会到大城市或国外生活，我还是喜欢生我养我的乡下。”这位耄耋老人说：“‘大道至简’是我喜欢的一句话，也是我做事的风格。我不喜欢人与人交往过程中那种过于复杂的关系，作为一种处事方法我更崇尚简单。因为我人单纯善良，真诚待人，懂我知我的人也多了，我的事业也慢慢地成功了。”叶春雄和倪大师夫妇做了多年邻居，他深有感受地说：“只要倪东方在，我们整个小巷都热闹，这两口子待人特和气，夏天每日煮好凉茶放在门口让路人喝。”从倪大师位于菜市场的工作室到其新家“惜石斋”陈列馆有一段路程，但只要有人慕名而来，倪大师不顾年迈都会坐三轮车前去接待。
我在采访中问他，您从一个锯石工成长为一代石雕大师靠的是什么？他告诉我，他能有今天，得益于一辈子只专注于一件事，努力干好一件事。他认为人生有许多选择，看准的事就要心无旁骛，专心用心，并且把它做好。“石头是很考验人的，一块石料，我往往一琢磨就是半年一年，心浮气躁是做不出好作品的。”倪老说，“我想既然选择了从事石雕艺术，就得一心一意地去学钻，整天与‘不能言’的青田石打交道，把心中所思所想化成一件件作品，我从中感到无限的乐趣，也忘却了寂寞和烦躁。”
“非常道”“石之道”：顺乎自然，天人合一
倪东方出生在山区，长期工作在石乡，但他是一位勤学善思、追求精神境界的智者。区别于大多石雕家，只念过小学的倪东方好读书，好深思，信奉“读书养气，读书生魂”。数十年来，古代四大名著、唐诗宋词始终伴随左右，这些经典文化的潜移默化，成为他一生攻艺中去粗取精、拒俗求雅、汰劣得优、删繁就简、力求高格的良师益友。他曾像诗人一样推敲那件封门五彩石杰作：是“一林霜催鸟鸣秋”好，还是“鸣秋催来一林霜”好？他的诗词题刻，看似寻常，却发自肺腑，意中有意，味中有味。如石雕作品《恋松图》所题“黄鹤楼中不见鹤，青松树上乐悠悠”；《雨后》—“雨后风拂，竹山淋湿。一夜攻尖，玉芽遍发”；《眠枝》—“眠枝未醒，春雷非惊。梅花落时，枝叶方青”……这些题刻无不凝聚着深厚的人文底蕴。倪老创作激情不关年事，一浪高过一浪，一峰胜过一峰，他静听石语，以意境为上，不愧为“用石说话”的极富想象力的诗人。
顺乎自然，天人合一。倪大师是“妙造自然”的思想大师，首先在于尊重自然，“顺乎自然，天人合一”，是他的著名创作方法。“道，可道，非常道”，以“石之道”转达了世人能感受却说不出来的神秘，创造出天地间最奇妙的诗篇。像《奔流》《玑珠俏》《神眼》等作品，都是九分天成，一分自运。这“一分自运”来自于他一贯坚持的“妙造自然”，来自他长期积淀的艺术涵养。他说：“青田石是经历上亿年时间聚集天地之精气而形成的，是大自然赐给我们的珍贵宝石，是不可再生资源，应该善待、爱惜每一块青田石。”他经常告诫自己：“要惜石如金，刀下留情，构思尚未成熟，绝不轻易动刀，要尊重每一块石料，最大限度消除化解其瑕疵，将精华部分利用起来，展示出来。”比如其代表作《花好月圆》，石料原是一块硬石，之中夹着一层青色冻石。他曾闭门谢客三天，将硬石一点点轻轻剥离，从而获取一片质地十分纯净的上等封门冻石，为创作成功提供了基础保证。还有一件被称作《睡美人》的作品，不露任何刀痕，而细细观察之，则犹如一美人披着一件薄薄的黄绸缎，作沉睡状，让人遐思无穷。这件作品，有十来斤重，上半部分纯系黄金耀，下半部分青玉冻，大师稍加修饰，抛光去痕，睡态隐现，是一件介于雕与不雕之间的成功作品，真可谓不著一字，尽得风流。
坚守底线：不作假、不为名利所惑
坚守底线就是不作假。自己的作品，就是自己的作品，徒弟的作品就是徒弟的作品。倪大师告诉我，在市场经济的大潮中，在物欲横流的今天，在一个范围小熟人多的地方，要做到这一点还真不容易。他把握住了自己。他认为一个艺术家的声誉高过一切。挡住诱惑就是不为名利所惑。现在名气大了，上门的人多了，“包括一些新闻媒体的记者，他们要给我‘再出名’，我能拒绝的都拒绝。我是一个上了年纪的人，多给自己留点清静时间，多给后人留点作品是实实在在的事，‘名气’对我来说，实在是无所谓了。其实‘名气’有时还是一种负担。”对自己的作品，他还有一个原则:就是能不卖就不卖，留在“惜石斋”里，让人看到完整的青田石。“外界认为‘青田石’就是‘封门青’，这是一种误解。其实青田石是非常丰富多彩的，各种颜色都有，太漂亮了。我开‘惜石斋’就是让人们了解青田石，让世界了解青田。这些年，我搞了一个公益项目‘千丝岩’，现在是4A级景区。景区投入大，我就出售自己的部分作品用于‘千丝岩’建设，但能不卖，我还是坚持不卖，特别是一些代表性作品，将来是要留给国家的。所以有人对我的作品开价几百万元、上千万元，甚至过亿都有，我不会因为金钱而动摇自己的原则。我觉得‘精神富有’，比‘物质富裕’更重要。”
这位著名青田石雕艺术家、高级工艺师，是国家级非物质文化遗产项目代表性传承人。至今在石雕艺苑中刀耕近七十载。在漫长的艺术生涯中，他专注于石头世界，以超凡的艺术秉赋和旺盛的创造力，创作出了许多具有极高艺术价值的石雕珍品。他善于传承和创新，因材施艺，巧用俏色，无论是花卉、蔬果，还是虫鸟、走兽，乃至人物，刀落石开，形神兼备，令人叹为观止。他的代表作《秋》，获第二届中国工艺美术品百花奖优秀创作设计二等奖；《秋菊傲霜》获第六届中国工艺美术品百花奖优秀创作设计一等奖；《花好月圆》是他的扛鼎力作，被国家邮电部门选为特种邮票图案，公开发行；《俏色印雕》、《杨梅》、《秋菊傲霜》被中国工艺美术馆作为珍品收藏；名作《谷穗》、《瓜熟豆香》参加全国工艺美术展览会，邓小平同志视察时称赞其作品“俏色用得好”。2006年，他被中国工艺美术协会授予“中国工艺美术终身成就奖”。 Master Sculptor of Stone in Qingtian
By Deng Tangliang
84-year-old Ni Dongfang is a national master of arts and crafts and a leading master of Qingtian Stone Carving, a national cultural heritage. His masterpieces are in the prestigious collection of China National Museum.
What makes Ni Dongfang special?
The legend has lived in Shankou, a small rural town in Qingtian County, for all his life. He rarely, if ever, leaves the town, for he prefers home to the fancy outside world. It is not certain if this makes him special.
He has little formal school education. All the formal education he got was from a local primary school about 70 years ago. Though that does not mean that the master is uneducated, six years in primary education certainly did not help him become a master.
As Qingtian used to have numerous male and female stone-carving artisans, Ni Dongfang started learning the craft from his mother when he was 15 years old. It probably helped him become a master. His mother certainly played a part. Starting early in life and living long enough certainly helps.
Lifelong dedication has contributed to his virtuosity. Started as a boy who cut stones and has matured into a master, Ni says that stone carving is his lifelong dedication. His maxim is: the best is the simplest. He believes his secret is that he has done one thing all his life and he has done it well. According to the master, stone carving tests one’s patience and dedication. He will not hesitate to spend six months examining possibilities hidden in a stone before he sets down to bringing the best out. He is willing and happy to communicate with speechless stones. He enjoys the limitless joy, forgetting solitude and anxiety. That is probably why he prefers to stay at home and is reluctant to communicate with the outside world.
Self-education has helped make him special. Though he has had only primary school education, he has spent decades reading Chinese classic novels and poetry. He contemplates a lot and he creates short poetic inscriptions for his stone sculptures.
For his art, Ni Dongfang seeks being natural. He wants his artworks to represent the basic idea of Chinese philosophy: nature and man are one. Of course, Ni Dongfang is not the only stone carving master who applies this belief to art, but he certainly knows how best translates the idea into reality.
Being natural means two things: Qingtian stones are non-recyclable. He treats each piece carefully so that none will be wasted. The precious stones often feature a challenge in texture and color distribution on surface. He exercises a minimalist style, doing as little as possible and leaving nature to speak for itself. Some of his best sculptures highlight his practice of the style: he does almost nothing and allows stone to present its own beauty in natural shape and color. Ni Dongfang does not go to the outside world. The world comes to him. He now has a gallery that displays all of his carvings to the public. Many people mistakenly believe Qingtian Stone is only in one color. The gallery offers an excellent education on the beauty of Qingtian stones in rainbow colors and in all shapes. He is most unwilling to sell his artworks despite mind-boggling offers: from several millions to more than 100 millions a piece. He has a great variety of masterpieces to show his nearly-70-year-long career.
Ni’s creations are amazing: he is both traditional and innovative; he is great at turning a stone into a unique masterpiece. His sculptures recreate flowers, vegetables, fruits, insects, birds, animals, figures. He has won numerous prizes at national level. “Blooming Flowers and Full Moon”, his best sculpture, was chosen for a special stamp issued by the general postal office. Three stone sculptures by Ni Dongfang are now in the collection of China National Arts & Crafts Museum.
“大道至简”：专注一件事，干成一件事
倪东方1928年10月出生在青田一个石雕艺人之家，15岁从母学艺。倪大师跟我讲，小时候生活在乡下，那时穷，又逢战乱，家里兄弟姐妹又多，吃不饱干活累是常有的事。但邻里和和睦睦，非常团结，人也单纯，彼此都感到快乐、充实、幸福。“我一辈子没有离开过山口小镇，就是喜欢它的纯朴与简单，不是没有机会到大城市或国外生活，我还是喜欢生我养我的乡下。”这位耄耋老人说：“‘大道至简’是我喜欢的一句话，也是我做事的风格。我不喜欢人与人交往过程中那种过于复杂的关系，作为一种处事方法我更崇尚简单。因为我人单纯善良，真诚待人，懂我知我的人也多了，我的事业也慢慢地成功了。”叶春雄和倪大师夫妇做了多年邻居，他深有感受地说：“只要倪东方在，我们整个小巷都热闹，这两口子待人特和气，夏天每日煮好凉茶放在门口让路人喝。”从倪大师位于菜市场的工作室到其新家“惜石斋”陈列馆有一段路程，但只要有人慕名而来，倪大师不顾年迈都会坐三轮车前去接待。
我在采访中问他，您从一个锯石工成长为一代石雕大师靠的是什么？他告诉我，他能有今天，得益于一辈子只专注于一件事，努力干好一件事。他认为人生有许多选择，看准的事就要心无旁骛，专心用心，并且把它做好。“石头是很考验人的，一块石料，我往往一琢磨就是半年一年，心浮气躁是做不出好作品的。”倪老说，“我想既然选择了从事石雕艺术，就得一心一意地去学钻，整天与‘不能言’的青田石打交道，把心中所思所想化成一件件作品，我从中感到无限的乐趣，也忘却了寂寞和烦躁。”
“非常道”“石之道”：顺乎自然，天人合一
倪东方出生在山区，长期工作在石乡，但他是一位勤学善思、追求精神境界的智者。区别于大多石雕家，只念过小学的倪东方好读书，好深思，信奉“读书养气，读书生魂”。数十年来，古代四大名著、唐诗宋词始终伴随左右，这些经典文化的潜移默化，成为他一生攻艺中去粗取精、拒俗求雅、汰劣得优、删繁就简、力求高格的良师益友。他曾像诗人一样推敲那件封门五彩石杰作：是“一林霜催鸟鸣秋”好，还是“鸣秋催来一林霜”好？他的诗词题刻，看似寻常，却发自肺腑，意中有意，味中有味。如石雕作品《恋松图》所题“黄鹤楼中不见鹤，青松树上乐悠悠”；《雨后》—“雨后风拂，竹山淋湿。一夜攻尖，玉芽遍发”；《眠枝》—“眠枝未醒，春雷非惊。梅花落时，枝叶方青”……这些题刻无不凝聚着深厚的人文底蕴。倪老创作激情不关年事，一浪高过一浪，一峰胜过一峰，他静听石语，以意境为上，不愧为“用石说话”的极富想象力的诗人。
顺乎自然，天人合一。倪大师是“妙造自然”的思想大师，首先在于尊重自然，“顺乎自然，天人合一”，是他的著名创作方法。“道，可道，非常道”，以“石之道”转达了世人能感受却说不出来的神秘，创造出天地间最奇妙的诗篇。像《奔流》《玑珠俏》《神眼》等作品，都是九分天成，一分自运。这“一分自运”来自于他一贯坚持的“妙造自然”，来自他长期积淀的艺术涵养。他说：“青田石是经历上亿年时间聚集天地之精气而形成的，是大自然赐给我们的珍贵宝石，是不可再生资源，应该善待、爱惜每一块青田石。”他经常告诫自己：“要惜石如金，刀下留情，构思尚未成熟，绝不轻易动刀，要尊重每一块石料，最大限度消除化解其瑕疵，将精华部分利用起来，展示出来。”比如其代表作《花好月圆》，石料原是一块硬石，之中夹着一层青色冻石。他曾闭门谢客三天，将硬石一点点轻轻剥离，从而获取一片质地十分纯净的上等封门冻石，为创作成功提供了基础保证。还有一件被称作《睡美人》的作品，不露任何刀痕，而细细观察之，则犹如一美人披着一件薄薄的黄绸缎，作沉睡状，让人遐思无穷。这件作品，有十来斤重，上半部分纯系黄金耀，下半部分青玉冻，大师稍加修饰，抛光去痕，睡态隐现，是一件介于雕与不雕之间的成功作品，真可谓不著一字，尽得风流。
坚守底线：不作假、不为名利所惑
坚守底线就是不作假。自己的作品，就是自己的作品，徒弟的作品就是徒弟的作品。倪大师告诉我，在市场经济的大潮中，在物欲横流的今天，在一个范围小熟人多的地方，要做到这一点还真不容易。他把握住了自己。他认为一个艺术家的声誉高过一切。挡住诱惑就是不为名利所惑。现在名气大了，上门的人多了，“包括一些新闻媒体的记者，他们要给我‘再出名’，我能拒绝的都拒绝。我是一个上了年纪的人，多给自己留点清静时间，多给后人留点作品是实实在在的事，‘名气’对我来说，实在是无所谓了。其实‘名气’有时还是一种负担。”对自己的作品，他还有一个原则:就是能不卖就不卖，留在“惜石斋”里，让人看到完整的青田石。“外界认为‘青田石’就是‘封门青’，这是一种误解。其实青田石是非常丰富多彩的，各种颜色都有，太漂亮了。我开‘惜石斋’就是让人们了解青田石，让世界了解青田。这些年，我搞了一个公益项目‘千丝岩’，现在是4A级景区。景区投入大，我就出售自己的部分作品用于‘千丝岩’建设，但能不卖，我还是坚持不卖，特别是一些代表性作品，将来是要留给国家的。所以有人对我的作品开价几百万元、上千万元，甚至过亿都有，我不会因为金钱而动摇自己的原则。我觉得‘精神富有’，比‘物质富裕’更重要。”
这位著名青田石雕艺术家、高级工艺师，是国家级非物质文化遗产项目代表性传承人。至今在石雕艺苑中刀耕近七十载。在漫长的艺术生涯中，他专注于石头世界，以超凡的艺术秉赋和旺盛的创造力，创作出了许多具有极高艺术价值的石雕珍品。他善于传承和创新，因材施艺，巧用俏色，无论是花卉、蔬果，还是虫鸟、走兽，乃至人物，刀落石开，形神兼备，令人叹为观止。他的代表作《秋》，获第二届中国工艺美术品百花奖优秀创作设计二等奖；《秋菊傲霜》获第六届中国工艺美术品百花奖优秀创作设计一等奖；《花好月圆》是他的扛鼎力作，被国家邮电部门选为特种邮票图案，公开发行；《俏色印雕》、《杨梅》、《秋菊傲霜》被中国工艺美术馆作为珍品收藏；名作《谷穗》、《瓜熟豆香》参加全国工艺美术展览会，邓小平同志视察时称赞其作品“俏色用得好”。2006年，他被中国工艺美术协会授予“中国工艺美术终身成就奖”。 Master Sculptor of Stone in Qingtian
By Deng Tangliang
84-year-old Ni Dongfang is a national master of arts and crafts and a leading master of Qingtian Stone Carving, a national cultural heritage. His masterpieces are in the prestigious collection of China National Museum.
What makes Ni Dongfang special?
The legend has lived in Shankou, a small rural town in Qingtian County, for all his life. He rarely, if ever, leaves the town, for he prefers home to the fancy outside world. It is not certain if this makes him special.
He has little formal school education. All the formal education he got was from a local primary school about 70 years ago. Though that does not mean that the master is uneducated, six years in primary education certainly did not help him become a master.
As Qingtian used to have numerous male and female stone-carving artisans, Ni Dongfang started learning the craft from his mother when he was 15 years old. It probably helped him become a master. His mother certainly played a part. Starting early in life and living long enough certainly helps.
Lifelong dedication has contributed to his virtuosity. Started as a boy who cut stones and has matured into a master, Ni says that stone carving is his lifelong dedication. His maxim is: the best is the simplest. He believes his secret is that he has done one thing all his life and he has done it well. According to the master, stone carving tests one’s patience and dedication. He will not hesitate to spend six months examining possibilities hidden in a stone before he sets down to bringing the best out. He is willing and happy to communicate with speechless stones. He enjoys the limitless joy, forgetting solitude and anxiety. That is probably why he prefers to stay at home and is reluctant to communicate with the outside world.
Self-education has helped make him special. Though he has had only primary school education, he has spent decades reading Chinese classic novels and poetry. He contemplates a lot and he creates short poetic inscriptions for his stone sculptures.
For his art, Ni Dongfang seeks being natural. He wants his artworks to represent the basic idea of Chinese philosophy: nature and man are one. Of course, Ni Dongfang is not the only stone carving master who applies this belief to art, but he certainly knows how best translates the idea into reality.
Being natural means two things: Qingtian stones are non-recyclable. He treats each piece carefully so that none will be wasted. The precious stones often feature a challenge in texture and color distribution on surface. He exercises a minimalist style, doing as little as possible and leaving nature to speak for itself. Some of his best sculptures highlight his practice of the style: he does almost nothing and allows stone to present its own beauty in natural shape and color. Ni Dongfang does not go to the outside world. The world comes to him. He now has a gallery that displays all of his carvings to the public. Many people mistakenly believe Qingtian Stone is only in one color. The gallery offers an excellent education on the beauty of Qingtian stones in rainbow colors and in all shapes. He is most unwilling to sell his artworks despite mind-boggling offers: from several millions to more than 100 millions a piece. He has a great variety of masterpieces to show his nearly-70-year-long career.
Ni’s creations are amazing: he is both traditional and innovative; he is great at turning a stone into a unique masterpiece. His sculptures recreate flowers, vegetables, fruits, insects, birds, animals, figures. He has won numerous prizes at national level. “Blooming Flowers and Full Moon”, his best sculpture, was chosen for a special stamp issued by the general postal office. Three stone sculptures by Ni Dongfang are now in the collection of China National Arts & Crafts Museum.