東方學(或)是歷史上形成的,研究東方的歷史、經濟、思想、語言、文學、藝術、物質和精神文化古文物的各種學科的總體。東方學中、東方這一名稱理解为亞洲和非洲(主要是北非)各國,這些國家早已成了歐洲“列强”和美國的殖民地擴張對象,過去極長時間他們是,或者目前還是,歐美帝國主義的殖民地和半殖民地。蘇維埃東方學研究着“……過着不同生活、發展於不同條件下的二个東方”(斯大林全集, Oriental Studies (or) is the history of the formation of the history of the East, economy, ideology, language, literature, art, material and spiritual and cultural heritage of the various subjects of the overall. Orientalism, the Oriental name understood as Asia and Africa (mainly North Africa) countries, these countries have long been the European “powers” and the colonial expansion of the United States object, for a very long time they are, or is still, the European and American imperialism Colonies and semi-colonies. Soviet Eastern Studies studied “... ... lived a different life, developed under different conditions of the two East” (Stalin’s Complete Works,