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目的了解马鞍山市城区学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的流行现状及主要影响因素,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对马鞍山市城区13所幼儿园3~6岁儿童3 891名进行测量身高、体重,以实测体重超过标准体重120%,并排除继发性肥胖作为诊断标准。结果马鞍山市城区学龄前儿童超重的发生率为13.6%,单纯性肥胖的发生率为7.86%,其中男童肥胖发生率明显高于女童(χ2=10.546,P=0.001)。各年龄组间儿童肥胖总发生率差异有高度统计学意义(χ2=19.504,P<0.001),学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖的发生率随年龄递增而增高,5岁上升明显。结论马鞍山市城区学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖症的发生率较高,预防儿童肥胖重点应放在学龄前期。
Objective To understand the prevalence and main influencing factors of overweight and obesity among preschool children in the city of Ma’anshan, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of effective interventions. Methods A total of 3 891 children from 3 to 6 years old from 13 kindergartens in Ma’anshan City were surveyed by cluster sampling method to measure height and weight. The measured body weight exceeded the standard weight by 120% and the secondary obesity was excluded as the diagnostic criteria. Results The prevalence of overweight in preschool children was 13.6% in urban area of Ma’anshan City, and the incidence of simple obesity was 7.86%. The prevalence of obesity among boys was significantly higher than that of girls (χ2 = 10.546, P = 0.001). The prevalence of childhood obesity among all age groups was highly statistically significant (χ2 = 19.504, P <0.001). The incidence of simple obesity in preschool children increased with age and increased significantly at 5 years. Conclusion The prevalence of simple obesity in preschool children in Ma’anshan City is higher than that in preschool children.