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目的探讨大学新生应对效能在心理应激与适应之间的中介效应,为大学新生心理应激的应对和适应研究提供依据。方法采用中国大学生心理应激量表、中国大学生适应量表和应对效能量表,对从南通大学随机抽取的277名大学新生心理应激、适应和应对效能进行评估,同时采用被试者纵向研究设计,每间隔8周测量1次,共施测3次,数据分析评估采用结构方程模型。结果追踪期间,大学新生心理应激、适应状况的时间效应均有统计学意义(F值分别为4.80,3.13,P值均<0.01),应对效能时间效应无统计学意义(F=0.09,P>0.05);大学新生心理应激水平不断提升,学期中段时达到峰值并持续到学期末(P值均<0.01);大学新生适应呈“V”型趋势,首测、中测、后测之间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);大学新生应对效能3次施测均低于中国大学生常模(t值分别为-11.86,-11.90,-12.26,P值均<0.01)。首测、中测、后测心理应激与适应呈负相关(r值分别为-0.32,-0.31,-0.32,P值均<0.05);应对效能与适应呈正相关(r值分别为0.46,0.41,0.45,P值均<0.01);心理应激与应对效能呈负相关(r值分别为-0.33,-0.31,-0.33,P值均<0.05)。应对效能在心理应激与适应之间起部分中介效应。结论应对效能在心理应激和适应之间起中介作用,可以有效缓解或抵消心理应激对适应产生的不良影响。
Objective To explore the mediating effect of freshmen ’s coping effectiveness on psychological stress and adaptation, and to provide a basis for the research on the coping and adaptation of college freshmen psychological stress. Methods The psychological stress, adaptation and coping effectiveness of 277 college freshmen randomly selected from Nantong University were assessed by the Chinese College Students Stress Scale, Chinese Students Adaptation Scale and Coping Effectiveness Scale. At the same time, Design, measured once every 8 weeks, a total of 3 times, data analysis and evaluation using structural equation model. Results During the follow-up period, the time effect of freshmen’s psychological stress and adaptation status were statistically significant (F = 4.80, 3.13, P <0.01 respectively), and the response time effect was not statistically significant (F = 0.09, P > 0.05). The psychological stress level of the freshmen increased continuously, reaching the peak in the middle of the semester and continuing to the end of the semester (P <0.01). The freshmen fit the trend of “V” (P <0.05). The freshmen’s response rate of three freshmen was lower than that of Chinese normal students (t = -11.86, -11.90, -12.26, P < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between psychological stress and adaptation (r = -0.32, -0.31, -0.32, P <0.05 respectively). There was a positive correlation between coping efficacy and fitness (r = 0.46, 0.41,0.45, P <0.01). There was a negative correlation between psychological stress and coping effectiveness (r = -0.33, -0.31, -0.33, P <0.05). Coping effectiveness plays a partial mediating effect between psychological stress and adaptation. Conclusions Effectiveness should play an intermediary role between psychological stress and adaptation, which can effectively mitigate or counteract the adverse effects of psychological stress on adaptation.