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近现代哲学经历了从绝对主义到相对主义、从主客体两元对立到主体间性的转向。本质主义哲学范式下,人们奉行工具主义的司法价值观,认为司法程序能够发现客观事实,实体结果存在绝对的公正标准,与程序截然分立,司法程序作为人们追求外在绝对公正的途径,不具独立性。哲学语言学的发展批判了绝对主义,指出诉讼中由于语言固有的不驯服性,程序的结果存在多种可能,无法找到结果公正的唯一客观性实体标准。为解决正当性危机,后现代哲学建构了交往实践理论以取代传统的绝对主义理性观,强调合法性来源于获得结果的过程是否通过了充分的沟通,这为主张程序对结果公正有决定作用的程序本位主义司法价值观奠定了理论基础。
Modern philosophy has undergone a shift from absoluteism to relativism, from the dualistic opposition of subject and object to intersubjectivity. Under the paradigm of essentialism, people follow the instrumentalist values of judicature, think that the judicial procedure can find the objective fact, the substantive result has the absolute fair standard, and it is separate from the procedure. The judicial procedure, as a way of pursuing external absolute and fairness, has no independence . The development of philosophical linguistics criticizes absolutism and points out that because of the inherent nonconformity of language in litigation, there are many possibilities for the result of the procedure, and the only objectivist substantive criterion of fairness can not be found. In order to solve the crisis of legitimacy, postmodern philosophy constructs the theory of communicative practice to replace the traditional absolutist rationality, and emphasizes whether the legitimacy comes from whether the process of obtaining the result has passed sufficient communication. This is the argument that the procedure has the decisive effect on the result The proceduralist judicial values have laid the theoretical foundation.