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目的:提高临床医师对免疫健全成人社区获得性巨细胞病毒肺炎(CMV-CAP)的认识。方法:报道清华大学第一附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科病房收治的1例青壮年CMV-CAP诊治经过，并以关键词“巨细胞病毒肺炎”“免疫健全”和“Cytomegalovirus”“CAP”“Immunocompetent”在万方数据库及PubMed分别检索有关文献。结果:检索到英文报道17例，未见中文报道，结合本例共18例。本组青中年患者居多，临床以高热、干咳为主，常伴发呼吸困难、低氧血症。影像以双下肺间质性渗出病变多见，白细胞计数正常或升高，多伴淋巴细胞升高或异型淋巴细胞，全部病例均伴有肝功能异常。病原均经血清学或病毒核酸检测确诊。经抗病毒治疗或积极支持治疗，大多数患者预后良好。结论:CMV-CAP在免疫健全成人中相对少见，对伴有外周血淋巴细胞升高或异型淋巴细胞、肝功能损害的双下肺间质性病变患者，要注意巨细胞病毒感染可能。“,”Objective:To improve clinicians′ understanding of cytomegalovirus community-acquired pneumonia (CMV-CAP) in immunocompetent adults.Methods:A young adult case of CMV-CAP in Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Tsinghua University was reported, and the relevant literatures were searched in Wanfang and PubMed databases by keywords of “ cytomegalovirus pneumonia” “ immunocompetent” and “ cytomegalovirus” “ CAP” “ immunocompetent” , respectively.Results:17 cases were reported in English, and none in Chinese.Most of the 18 patients were young or middle-aged and characterized by high fever, dry cough, dyspnea and hypoxemia.The major imaging findings were interstitial exudative lesions in the lower lobes.The laboratory examination showed normal or elevated white blood cell count, and most of cases accompanied with lymphocytosis or atypical lymphocytes.All 18 cases were accompanied with abnormal liver function.The pathogens were confirmed by serological methods or viral nucleic acid detection.The majority of cases had benign prognosis after effective antiviral treatment or actively supportive therapy.Conclusions:CMV-CAP is rare in immunocompetent adults.Cytomegalovirus infection should be considered to the patients with interstitial lesions in lower lobes with lymphocytosis or atypical lymphocytes and liver function damage.