秸秆还田是有效利用秸秆资源的重要途径。土壤微生物在秸秆腐解和营养元素释放过程中具有举足轻重的作用,而另一方面秸秆本身也会对土壤微生物产生较大的影响。秸秆还田概况入手,从不同的秸秆还田方式、外源添加物、不同的秸秆还田量、耕作制度和转基因秸秆几个方面综述了目前国内外秸秆还田对土壤微生物影响的研究报告。目前已有文献的研究大多集中在土壤微生物量方面,但并没有形成一致的观点,且缺乏对土壤微生物长期动态和功能群的研究。据此认为应在今后的研究中加强以下几个方面:以更为先进的方法结合多种研究手段揭示秸秆还田过程中土壤微生物的实际情况;开展关于秸秆分解整个过程中土壤微生物的动态变化研究;以微生物功能群为单位研究秸秆还田对微生物的影响;采用多种不同的方法和长期的观察以研究转基因作物秸秆还田后对土壤微生物生态的影响。 Straw is an important way to effectively utilize straw resources. Soil microorganisms plays an important role in the decomposition of straw and the release of nutrient elements, while on the other hand, the straw itself has a greater impact on soil microorganisms. Straw returning to the general situation, from different ways of straw returning, exogenous additives, different amount of straw returning, tillage system and transgenic straw in several aspects at home and abroad reviewed the impact of straw returning to soil microorganisms. At present, most of the literature has focused on the soil microbial biomass, but no consistent view has been reached, and there is a lack of research on the long-term dynamic and functional groups of soil microbes. Therefore, it is suggested that the following aspects should be strengthened in future research: a more advanced method combined with a variety of research methods to reveal the actual situation of soil microorganisms in the process of straw returning to the soil; to carry out dynamic changes of soil microorganisms in the whole process of straw decomposition Study on microbial functional groups as a unit to study the effect of straw returning on microorganisms. Using different methods and long-term observation to study the effect of transgenic crop straw on soil microbial ecology.