1.While still a student, she played roles in many plays.
　　1)While still a student为时间状语从句的省略形式，相当于While she was still a student。
　　时间状语从句和条件状语从句的省略必须符合下面两个条件：
　　(1)如果从句中主要动词是be的某种形式，可以将主语和动词be省略掉。引导词常是when, while, as, whenever, before, until, till, if, unless though, as if, once。
　　Be careful when (you are) crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
　　He won’t be here unless (he is) invited. 除非被邀请，否则他不会来。
　　(2)从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语为it。
　　If (it is) necessary, I’ll have the letter copied.
　　如果有必要，我可以叫人把这封信抄一份。
　　I’ll start writing the novel this winter if (it is) possible.
　　如有可能，我要在今冬着手写这部小说。
　　2)play a/the role in意为“担当……角色；发挥……的作用”。
　　Zhang Ziyi plays the role/part of Yu Jiaolong.
　　章子怡扮演玉娇龙这一角色。
　　The computer plays an important part in our daily life.
　　计算机在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用。
　　考点对接
　　____ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
　　 A. How interesting B. How an interesting
　　 C. What interesting D. What an interesting
　　解析：D 感叹句，句式为：What+a(an)+形容词+单数名词。
　　2.Meryl Streep got married in 1978 and has a son and three daughters.
　　marry v.结婚
　　marry sb.与……结婚be married结婚be (get) married to sb.与……结婚
　　Bob will marry Mary. 鲍勃将和玛丽结婚。
　　He has been married for seven years. 他已经结婚7年了。
　　She has been married to Smith. 她已同史密斯结了婚。
　　注意：
　　(1)marry为非延续性动词，所以不能说They have married for a year. 而应说They have been married for a year.或They married a year ago.
　　(2)和某人结婚不用介词with，因为marry是及物动词，但可以说she married a man with a lot of money. 她与一个很有钱的人结婚了。（该处with意为“有”)
　　(3)marry还可作及物动词，与to连用，表示将某人嫁给某人。
　　She wants to marry her daughter to a rich man.
　　她想将女儿嫁给一位富人。
　　考点对接
　　——____ David and Vicky ____ married?
　　——For about three years.
　　 A. How long were; being B. How long have; got
　　 C. How long have; been D. How long did; get
　　解析：C be married表示状态；get married表示动作。
　　3.This was the moment when Spielberg’s career really took off.
　　1)take off在本句中意为“成名；成功”。其主要意思还有“脱掉(衣服);(飞机)起飞；从……拿走；把……带走”。
　　Luo Shengjiao took off his coat and jumped into the iced river.
　　罗盛教脱下外套跳进了冰冷的水里。
　　The plane takes off at six according to the timetable.
　　按照时刻表飞机在6点起飞。
　　Take your hand off my shoulder. 把你的手从我的肩膀移开。
　　He was taken off to prison. 他被送进监狱。
　　2)when引导定语从句修饰先行词the moment, when在此从句中作时间状语，类似于moment的名词还有time， days， ages等。
　　考点对接
　　There was ____ time ____ I hated to go to school.
　　 A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when
　　解析：Ba time表一段时间，time之后带有一个定语从句，修饰a time, when在从句中作时间状语。
　　4.It is about a big white shark that attacks swimmers who are spending their holidays in a small village by the sea.
　　by the sea在海边；by sea=by ship水路
　　名词前不用冠词时，表抽象概念或用途，加the特指某一地点：
　　go to school上学 go to the school去那个学校
　　go to hospital 看病 go to the hospital 去那家医院
　　at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌边
　　考点对接
　　When he left _____ college, he got a job as ____ reporter in a newspaper office.
　　 A. 不填； a B. 不填； the C. a； the D. the； the
　　解析：A leave college无冠词表示从大学毕业(辍学)，不表示离开某一个具体的大学；a reporter一名记者，a表示泛指。
　　5.Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
　　1)be afraid to do…与be afraid of doing…
　　be afraid to do…意思是“不敢做……，害怕做……”，表示因害怕而不敢做某事。
　　be afraid of doing…意思是“担心做……”，表示担心某事可能发生。
　　He is afraid to go alone in the dark. 他不敢一个人在黑暗中行走。
　　He is afraid of falling into the swimming pool. 他担心掉进游泳池里。
　　2)when连词，“当……时候”。
　　3)in which…：介词+which构成的定语从句，修饰the scenes。
　　考点对接
　　Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to forest when they remembered the scenes ____ people were eaten by the tiger.
　　 A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
　　解析：A 本题句意是：很多看过这部电影的人，当回想到人被老虎吃掉的情景时，他们就不敢去森林里了。people were eaten by the tiger是定语从句，先行词the scenes在定语从句中作地点状语，所以选A(in which)。
　　6.When the park is hit by a storm, things start going wrong.
　　1)辨析：hit, strike, knock, attack
　　hit, strike和knock这三个词都有“打”的意思，但用法还是有区别的。
　　(1)hit意为“碰撞”“打”“击中”，“脑袋撞在某物上”。一般说hit one’s head on/against sth.,很少说one’s head hits…。
　　She hit her forehead against the wall as she fell.
　　她跌倒时，前额撞在了墙上。
　　The bullet hit him in the chest. 子弹击中了他的胸膛。
　　hit可引申为“使遭受(自然灾害、损失、痛苦)”等。
　　A powerful earthquake hit the city. 这座城市遭受了一次强烈地震。
　　The death of her son has hit Mrs Page hard.
　　儿子的死使佩奇太太悲痛欲绝。
　　hit还可引申为“猜中”“达到”“碰到”之意。
　　You’ve hit it. 你猜中了。
　　The new train can hit 120 mph. 这种新型火车时速可达120英里。
　　This idea hit me when I woke up this morning.
　　(hit可换成struck)今天早上我醒来时，突然产生了这个想法。
　　(2)strike为一般用语，意义较多，可表示“打”“击”“撞”“咬”，也可引申为“吸引”。
　　Strike iron while it is hot. 趁热打铁。
　　The clock is now striking ten. 钟正在敲十点。
　　We were deeply struck by his speech. 我们被他的演讲深深打动。
　　(3)knock除了指“敲(门)”以外，还可以表示“撞击”，可以与down, off连用。
　　He knocked hard at the door. 他猛力敲门。(不用其他三个词)
　　She almost knocked me down before she saw me.
　　她几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
　　注意：knock可作名词，意为“敲门声”。
　　I heard a knock on the door. 我听到了敲门声。
　　(4)attack作及物动词，意为“攻击”“袭击”“攻打”。
　　Some terrorists attacked the Building of World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. 一些恐怖分子2001年9月11日袭击了世贸大厦。
　　The rice was attacked by locusts. 稻田遭受了蝗灾。
　　A disease is attacking the tame birds. 一种疾病正在侵袭家禽。
　　attack作可数名词，意为“攻击”“(疾病)发作”等。
　　He was suffering an attack of fever. 他当时在发烧。
　　She died of a heart attack. 她死于心脏病发作。
　　(5)start意为“开始”。既可以接不定式又可接动名词。意义上没多大区别。
　　They started to do the experiment last Monday.
　　他们上周开始做试验了。
　　Marx started to learn(=learning) Russian in his fifties.
　　马克思50多岁开始学俄语。
　　start在其主语是表示物时，一般用动词不定式。
　　The ice starts to melt. 冰开始融化了。
　　The water started to rise last night. 水位昨天夜间开始上升。
　　start充当谓语且本身为进行时态时，一般接不定式。
　　I’m glad you are starting to see it. 我很高兴你开始明白了。
　　When the earthquake took place, she was starting to prepare supper.
　　地震发生时，她正开始准备晚餐。
　　start后接表示心理活动或精神状态的动词时，用不定式。
　　She started to wonder who had done it.
　　她想知道这件事究竟是谁做的。
　　After running half a kilometer, I started to feel tired.
　　跑了五百米之后，我开始感到累了。
　　2)go wrong意为“变坏”。go作系动词，后接形容词作表语，这类形容词或表示颜色或含贬义。
　　go作连系动词的用法
　　go是连系动词，作“处于……状态”解。go作连系动词时还有“变成，成为”的意思，通常后接形容词，表示情况向坏的方面转化。
　　Now there are still a large number of people in the world going hungry every day. 现在世界上仍有许多人在挨饿。
　　If you don’t take care of your eyesight, you will go blind.
　　如果你不注意保护视力的话，你会变瞎的。
　　常用来表示变化的系动词还有：become, turn, come, get, grow, run, fall等。
　　Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
　　我们的国家正变得越来越强大。
　　Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。
　　Her dream that she will visit the Great Wall has come true.
　　她游览长城的梦想已经实现了。
　　考点对接
　　On hearing the news of the accident in the local mine, she ____ pale.
　　 A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared
　　解析：C 此题考查连系动词的用法。首先排除B项，changed不是系动词，后面不能接形容词。根据形容词pale,是表示颜色或贬义的形容词(如mad,hungry, rotten, red, pale等)，由好的方面变为不好的方面，所以用go。
　　7.The village leader, Mr Tian, asks Wei Minzhi to take Mr Gao’s place until he comes back.
　　1)take sb.’s place意为“代替；取代；就座；就位”。也可以说take the place of sb./sth.。
　　Plastics has taken the place of steel in many fields.
　　塑料在许多领域里代替了钢。
　　The meeting will begin in a minute. Please take your places.
　　会议就要开始了，请大家就座。
　　The chairman took his place on the rostrum. 主席在主席台就座。
　　辨析:take place, happen
　　take place, happen都可表示“发生”。happen常指偶然的发生；而takeplace指经过安排的必然发生。
　　When will their wedding take place? 他们的婚礼什么时候举行？
　　An accident happened when he was on his way to school.
　　在他去上学的路上，发生了一次事故。
　　都不可用于被动语态。
　　Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in England.
　　在英国电动火车现在已取代了蒸汽火车。
　　When did the conversation take place? 这次谈话是在什么时间？
　　Great changes have taken place recently in our city.
　　最近我们的城市发生了很大的变化。
　　2)until引导的时间状语从句。常用的句型结构是not…until意为“直到……才……”。主句的动词是终止性动词。
　　He didn’t come back until late in the evening. 到晚上很迟他才回来。
　　Don’t open the door until the train stops. 火车未停，不要开门。
　　until用于肯定句，主句的动词是持续性动词。
　　I will wait until she comes back. 我一直等到她回来。
　　We discussed the problem until he came back.
　　我们讨论问题一直讨论到他回来。
　　not…until…的倒装句。在倒装句中应将not until提到句首。
　　Not until then did he realize that he was mistaken.
　　直到那时他才意识到自己错了。
　　考点对接
　　A good story teller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ____ he reaches the end of the story.
　　 A. when B. unless C. after D. until
　　解析：D 根据句意“好的讲述故事的人应该让听众一直把好奇心保持到故事结束。” until句型的肯定句。
　　8.She becomes very worried and determines to bring Huike back safely.
　　1)determine作动词，意为“决定；决心”。
　　同义词：decide; make up one’s mind
　　He has determined to settle down in the countryside.
　　他已决定在乡下定居。
　　He determines to learn Greek. 他决心学希腊语。
　　2)determined是形容词，意为“决意的；决心的”。经常用的词组是be determined to do或be determined+that从句，从句应用虚拟语气should+动词原形。
　　She was determined not to follow his advice. 她决定不听他的劝告。
　　He was determined that no one should know anything about it.
　　他决定不让任何人知道此事。
　　3)determination是名词，意为“决心”。
　　They carried out the plan with determination.
　　他们坚决地执行了这个计划。
　　We have the determination to do the work well.
　　我们有决心把这项工作做好。
　　考点对接
　　His mother’s words greatly encouraged him, so he ____ this time.
　　 A. determined to success B. determined to succeed
　　 B. was determined succeed D. was determined succeeding
　　解析：B “下决心成功”可译为determined(过去时) to succeed或was determined to succeed。
　　9.What does Bill say to apologise for taking the bike without telling Cliff?
　　1)句中有一个很重要的词apologise(道歉、致歉)，其用法如下：
　　(1)apologise to sb. for sth./doing sth.
　　You must apologise to her for keeping her waiting.
　　你让她久等了，必须向她道歉。
　　(2)apologised to sb. that…
　　I apologised to my mother that I went home late.
　　我回家晚了，所以向母亲道歉。
　　(3)apology n. “道歉，歉意”，常用结构make an apology to sb.(for sth.)表示“(因某事)向某人道歉”。
　　I made an apology to him for misunderstanding him.
　　我误解了他，所以向他道歉。
　　2)without指“无，没有”，是介词，后面常接名词、代词或动名词作其宾语，共同构成介词短语。
　　No one can leave without permission. 未经允许任何人不得离开。
　　Little Tom often goes to school without having breakfast. It’s bad for his health. 小汤姆经常不吃早饭便去上学，那对他的健康有害。
　　考点对接
　　Victor apologised for ____ to inform me of the change in the plan.
　　 A. his being not able B. him not to be able
　　 C. his not being able D. him to be not able
　　解析：Capologise for后接动名词，否定词not应位于非谓语动词前，his是动名词的逻辑主语。
　　10.You are looking for two seats to sit down with your friend, but there are none.
　　1)none意思是“没有一个”，代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
　　None of them know(knows) the story. 他们没有一个知道这个故事。
　　None of the students are(is) afraid of difficulties.
　　没有一个学生害怕困难。
　　2)辨析none, no one和nothing
　　(1)none用于指人和物，可与of短语连用，用作单数或复数。可用来回答how many/much的问题。
　　——How many elephants did you see in the park?
　　你在公园里看到几头大象？
　　——None. 一头也没看到。
　　(2)no one=nobody只能指人，不能与of连用，用作单数。可用来回答who的问题。
　　No one knows what they fought for.
　　没有人知道他们想通过斗争得到什么。
　　(3)nothing用于指物，不与of连用，通常泛指没有什么事情或东西，用作单数。可用来回答what的问题。
　　Nothing venture, nothing gain. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
　　考点对接
　　We asked John and Jerry, but ____ of them could offer a satisfactory explanation.
　　 A. either B. none C. both D. neither
　　解析：D 由于前文中的人物是两个，又由于but表示意思的转折，所以用neither(两个当中任何一个也不)。either两个当中的任何一个；none指可数名词时指三个或三个以上数目的人或物都不得不；both两个都。
　　11.The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bigger than the ones beside them.
　　1)a little bigger: 略大一些；常用来限定比较级的词，除a little外还有：a lot, a bit, a great deal, by far, three times, rather, much, still, even, far, any(用于否定句或疑问句)。
　　——Are you feeling any better now? 现在你感觉好点了吗？
　　——Much better than yesterday. 比昨天好多了。
　　A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.
　　汽车比自行车跑得快得多。
　　2)ones常用来代指上文中的可数名词的复数形式，表示泛指含义，其前可用冠词、形容词之类的词来修饰。one用来指代可数名词的单数。
　　I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.
　　我希望每个客人都有杯子。
　　These books are very difficult for me. Please get me some easier ones. 这些书太难了，请给我几本比较容易的。
　　考点对接
　　The number of people present at the concert was ____ than expected. There were many tickets left.
　　 A. much smaller B. much more
　　 C. much larger D. many more
　　解析：A much与比较级连用。由于有很多票剩下，可推知出席音乐会的人数比预计的少得多，主语为the number,表语用smaller(数大用large/big,不用many)。
　　We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found ____ we like yet.
　　 A. one B. ones C. it D. them
　　解析：A 句意是：我们一直在找房子，但还没找到一所喜爱的房子。C、D两项是人称代词，用于指代上文出现的具体的人或事物，首先排除。B项用于指代上文的某个复数名词以避免重复，而这里是泛指一所房子，故选A。
　　12.When drinking to someone’s health, you raise your glasses, but the glasses should not touch.
　　1)drink to sb., drink to one’s health和drink one’s health都可表示“为……健康干杯”，但有to比较正式。
　　I drink to your good health. 为你的健康干杯。
　　We drank to each other’s health almost all the evening.
　　几乎整个晚上我们都为彼此的健康祝酒。
　　辨析：raise, rise和lift
　　(1)raise vt.意为“举起，抬起，提高，提出；饲养；养育；种植”。
　　Raise your hand if you want to ask a question.
　　如果你要提问，请举手。
　　He raised the children by himself after his wife’s death.
　　妻子去世以后，他独自一人抚养孩子。
　　She raised her eyes and stared at them. 她抬头盯着他们。
　　(2)rise是不及物动词，意为“上升；升起；提高；站起来”。作“上升”讲时，是指继续上升，常用于日、月、云、雾、物价、体温、河水、潮水等。
　　The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
　　She rose from her seat. 她从座位上站了起来。
　　Her temperature is still rising. 她的体温还在上升。
　　(3)lift是用力“提升”的含义
　　The young man lifted the stone at last.
　　那个年轻人终于举起了那块石头。
　　2)touch： to put your hands or fingers onto sb./sth.触、碰。
　　You’ve hardly touched your food. 你没怎么吃东西啊。
　　We touched glasses. 我们碰了碰杯。
　　考点对接
　　——Ow!I’ve burnt myself!
　　——How did you do that?
　　——I ____ a hot pot.
　　 A. touched B. kept C. felt D. held
　　解析：A.touch触，碰；B.keep保持；C.feel(to deliberately move your fingers over sth. in order to find out what it is like)抚摸，感知；D.hold握住。