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【目的】监测上海市卢湾区婴儿死亡的变化趋势,观察婴儿死亡率对平均期望寿命的影响,采取相应措施降低婴儿死亡率。【方法】对卢湾区1961—2008年出生的194 195名活产婴儿以及同期死亡的2 379名婴儿的死亡资料以动态数列的方法分析。【结果】婴儿死亡率从1961年的25.20‰下降至2008年的1.64‰,下降速度为93.50%;新生儿死亡率从8.98‰下降至1.64‰,下降速度为81.76%,受之影响卢湾区人均期望寿命也逐年上升。婴儿死亡的前四位主要死因分别为先天异常、肺炎、早产儿和未成熟儿、产伤窒息。【结论】随着本区医疗事业的发展,婴儿死亡率显著降低。为降低婴儿死亡率,提高平均期望寿命,现阶段应以加强出生缺陷监测工作和提倡围生期保健作为工作重点。
【Objective】 To monitor the trend of infant death in Luwan District of Shanghai and observe the impact of infant mortality on average life expectancy and take appropriate measures to reduce the infant mortality rate. 【Method】 A total of 194 195 live births born in 1961-2008 in Luwan District and 2 379 infants who died in the same period were analyzed by dynamic series. 【Results】 The infant mortality rate dropped from 25.20 ‰ in 1961 to 1.64 ‰ in 2008, with a decrease rate of 93.50%. The neonatal mortality rate dropped from 8.98 ‰ to 1.64 ‰, with a rate of decline of 81.76% Life expectancy also increased year by year. The first four major causes of infant death were congenital anomalies, pneumonia, prematurity and immature infants, asphyxia. 【Conclusion】 With the development of medical service in this area, the infant mortality rate is significantly reduced. To reduce infant mortality and raise average life expectancy, efforts should be made to strengthen monitoring of birth defects and promote perinatal care at this stage.