邓小平的《党和国家领导制度的改革》是改革开放以来指导中国政治发展的纲领性文件。邓小平从制度的角度对社会主义弊端的分析,至今具有重要的现实意义。对于制度问题的重视,是这篇讲话留给我们的宝贵启示。制度建设是走出“历史周期率”的必由之路,应当在比较各国政治发展经验的基础上加以完善。制度评价的标准要立足于人权、国权和政权三者的关系。制度建设与创新不仅是完善社会主义政治文明的内在要求,同时也是科学社会主义走上科学之路的关键所在。 Deng Xiaoping’s “Reform of the Leadership System of the Party and the State” is a programmatic document guiding the political development in China since the reform and opening up. Deng Xiaoping’s analysis of the drawbacks of socialism from a system perspective has so far been of great practical significance. The emphasis on institutional issues is a valuable revelation left by this speech. Institution building is the only way out of the “historical cycle rate” and should be improved on the basis of comparing the experiences of political development in various countries. The standard of system evaluation should be based on the relationship between human rights, state power and political power. System construction and innovation are not only the intrinsic requirements of perfecting the socialist political civilization, but also the key to which scientific socialism embarks on the road to science.