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吸烟是多种疾病的风险因子.暴露于烟草烟雾环境可致多个基因 DNA 甲基化修饰改变,其中显著改变的有AHRR、F2RL3、GPR15、GFI1、p16 和MGMT 等基因. DNA 甲基化的改变能影响基因的表达水平,增加某些疾病风险,如癌症、糖尿病、新生儿及儿童期健康风险、异常调节免疫反应等.这些甲基化位点可随戒烟时间发生动态、位点特异性变化,戒烟时间越长、暴露剂量越低,甲基化水平越接近于未吸烟者.“,”Exposure to tobacco smoking may have long-lasting effects on DNA methylation pat-terns and mediate the risk for several diseases . The significant changes in smoke-related DNA methylation are located at the genes AHRR , F2 RL3 , GPR1 5 , GFI1 , p1 6 and MGMT , et al . In addition , aberrant DNA methylation may lead to changes in gene expression and enhance the development and progression of various diseases , such as cancer , diabetes , neonatal and childhood health risks , and abnormal regulation of immune responses . The methylation levels of these sites change dynamically and specifically following quitting smoking . The methylation levels in those who have the lowest cumulative smoke exposure and the longest cessation time are closer to that of the non-smokers .