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目的调查新疆吉木乃县、乌什县和巴里坤县婴幼儿贫血发生率及其影响因素,了解基线资料,提出预防策略和措施。方法根据全国“消除婴幼儿贫血行动”项目基线调查,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,按各县2个样本乡(镇),选择吉木乃县、乌什县和巴里坤县641名6~36月龄婴幼儿及其看护人为调查对象,通过问卷调查和采血了解婴幼儿贫血发生率及其影响因素。结果 3县婴幼儿贫血发生率为52.11%(334/641)。其中6~11月龄婴幼儿的贫血发生率最高,为58.62%(85/145)。3县婴幼儿不同年龄段贫血发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。女性婴幼儿贫血发生率略高于男性婴幼儿,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。早产、看护人文化程度和方便食品的添加是贫血的危险因素(OR值分别为2.51、1.27和2.11,均P<0.05)。主要监护人对婴幼儿贫血相关知识了解的很少。结论新疆农村婴幼儿贫血发生率较高,应通过对贫困地区婴幼儿营养干预和提高家长科学育儿水平,降低婴幼儿贫血发生率。
Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of infant anemia in Jimunai County, Wushi County and Barkolun County in Xinjiang, understand the baseline data and put forward preventive strategies and measures. Methods According to the national baseline survey of “Action to Anemia of Infant and Infant Anemia”, a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted. According to the sample townships (towns) of 2 counties, select the cities of Jimunai County, Wushi County and Barkolun County 641 infants and children aged 6 ~ 36 months and their caregivers were investigated. The incidence and influencing factors of infant anemia were investigated through questionnaire and blood sampling. Results The incidence of anemia in 3 counties was 52.11% (334/641). The highest incidence of anemia among infants aged 6-11 months was 58.62% (85/145). There was no significant difference in the incidence of anemia among different age groups in 3 counties (P> 0.05). The incidence of anemia in infants and young children was slightly higher than that in males and infants, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). The risk factors of anemia were premature delivery, nursing education and convenience foods (OR = 2.51, 1.27 and 2.11, all P <0.05). The main guardian knows little about anemia-related knowledge in infants and young children. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in infants and young children in rural areas in Xinjiang is high. Nutritional interventions for infants and young children in poor areas should be taken and the level of parental childcare should be raised to reduce the incidence of anemia in infants and young children.