Background The perioperative aortic dissection (AD) rupture is a severe event after endovascular stent graft placement for treatment of type B AD.However,this life-threatening complication has not undergone systematic investigation.The aim of the study is to discuss the reasons of AD rupture after the procedure.Methods The medical record data of 563 Stanford type BAD patients who received thoracic endovascular repair from 2004 to December 2011 at our institution were collected and analyzed.Double entry and consistency checking were performed with Epidata software.Results Twelve patients died during the perioperation after thoracic endovascular repair,with an incidence of 2.1％,66.6％ were caused by aortic rupture and half of the aortic rupture deaths were caused by retrograde type A AD.In our study,74％ of the non-rupture surviving patients had the free-flow bare spring proximal stent implanted,compared with 100％ of the aortic rupture patients (74％ vs.100％,P=-0.213).The aortic rupture patients are more likely to have ascending aortic diameters ≥4 cm (62.5％ vs.9.0％,P=-0.032),involvement the aortic arch concavity (62％ vs.27％,P=0.041) and have had multiple stents placed (P=0.039).Conclusions Thoracic AD endovascular repair is a safe and effective treatment option for AD with relative lowin-hospital mortality.AD rupture may be more common in arch stent-graft patients with an ascending aortic diameter ≥4 cm and with severe dissection that needs multi-stent placement.Attention should be paid to a proximal bare spring stent that has a higher probability of inducing an AD rupture.Post balloon dilation should be performed with serious caution,particularly for the migration during dilation.