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随着研究的深入,一些理论试图回答董事会的存在、功能、角色及其行事方式的理性和原因。两权分离和董事会中心、共管与合议模式及其作为责任的最后承担者是董事会的三个基本原则,各国立法中几乎概无例外。本文首先讨论了董事会制度在公司法中是通过制定法和案例所表现出来的,始终恪守的隐性原则,分析了其与公司本质理论、两权分离、职能和角色等问题之间的盘根错节式的纠结关系;进而,论文分别介绍了已有研究中的两大解释,即Bainbridge教授对董事会中心和群体决策的效率理论,和Gevurtz教授对这一制度追溯式的历史分析;继而,论文对中国自19世纪早期以来的公司实践进行了历史考察和分析,对中国公司概念和思想的引入发展,尤其是从19世纪40年代到清末变法这一阶段的学习过程进行了历史分析,进而分析和评述了中国现行公司观念之中对董事会制度原则及其法律制度的陌生。
With the deepening of the research, some theories try to answer the rationale and reasons for the existence, function, role and mode of the board of directors. The separation of powers and the center of the board of directors, the model of co-management and collegiality and their ultimate undertaking as responsibilities are the three basic principles of the board of directors. There is almost no exception in the legislation of all countries. This article firstly discusses the hidden principle that the board system is embodied in the company law through the enactment of laws and cases and always abides by the implicit principle. It analyzes the inconsistency between the board system and the company essence theory, the separation of the two rights, the functions and the roles and so on In addition, the dissertation introduces two major interpretations of the existing research respectively, namely, Professor Bainbridge’s theory of efficiency in decision-making of the center and group of the board of directors and Professor Gevurtz’s retrospective historical analysis of the system. Secondly, Since the early 19th century, the company practice has carried on the historical investigation and the analysis, has carried on the historical analysis to the Chinese company concept and the thought introduction and development, especially from the 1940s to the late Qing Dynasty reform this stage the study process, then analyzes and comments The unfamiliarity with the principle of the board of directors system and its legal system among the current Chinese companies.