目的：探讨白细胞介素１β（ＩＬ１β）及其受体拮抗剂（ＩＬ１ｒａ）对系膜细胞增殖及产生ＮＯ的影响。方法：培养的第１０～１２代ＳＤ大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（ＧＭＣ）用于实验，分别加入ＩＬ１β或ＩＬ１β加ＩＬ１ｒａ，１２ｈ后用化学方法测定培养上清中亚硝酸盐的含量，用３ＨＴＤＲ掺入率测定ＧＭＣ的增殖，狭缝和Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交测定细胞ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达。结果：ＩＬ１β组ＧＭＣ出现ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达及亚硝酸盐增多（０５３±０１３ｖｓ０１８±００７ｎｍｏｌ／１０４细胞），但无明显细胞增殖（４０４６０６±１９１２６ｖｓ３９７７９±２８０４１）；ＩＬ１β加ＩＬ１ｒａ组，无ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达，上清亚硝酸盐含量更高（０９４±０１５ｎｍｏｌ／１０４细胞），ＧＭＣ增殖被抑制（３１１５５±３１３９８）。结论：ＩＬ１β能刺激ＧＭＣ的ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达和产生亚硝酸盐，ＩＬ１ｒａ虽抑制ＧＭＣ的ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达，但没能减少其亚硝酸盐的产生。 Objective: To investigate the effects of interleukin-1β (IL1β) and its receptor antagonist (IL1ra) on the proliferation and NO production of mesangial cells. Methods: The cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) from the 10th to the 12th generation were used in the experiment and were respectively added with IL1β or IL1β plus IL1ra. After 12 hours, the mesangial cells Nitrate content, 3H-TDR incorporation rate determination of GMC proliferation, slit and Northern hybridization determination of cell iNOSmRNA expression. Results: The expression of iNOS mRNA and nitrite increased in GMCs of IL1β group (053 ± 013vs018 ± 007nmol / 104cells), but no significant cell proliferation (404606 ± 19126vs39779 ± 280  41); IL  1 汕 plus IL  1ra group, no iNOS mRNA expression, the supernatant nitrite content was higher (0  94 ± 0  15nmol / 104 cells), GMC proliferation was inhibited (3115  5  313  98). Conclusion: IL1β can stimulate the expression of iNOS mRNA in GMC and produce nitrite. Although IL1ra inhibits the expression of iNOS mRNA in GMC, IL1ra failed to reduce nitrite production.