幽门螺杆菌感染可引起多种消化道及消化道外疾病，甚至诱发胃癌。多数幽门螺杆菌感染在儿童时期获得，可造成患儿恶心、呕吐、纳差、特发性血小板减少性紫癜、难治性缺铁性贫血、生长发育迟缓等多种表现。近年来，儿童幽门螺杆菌感染的研究取得诸多进展，该文从幽门螺杆菌菌株、宿主及环境等角度综述儿童幽门螺杆菌感染的危险因素，并展望进一步的研究方向。“,”Helicobacter pylori infection in children can cause a variety of gastrointestinal and extra-digestive diseases, even the gastric cancer.Most n Helicobacter pylori infections are acquired in childhood and can cause various manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, refractory iron deficiency anemia, and growth retardation.In recent years, many advances have been made in the study of children′s n Helicobacter pylori infection.This review focuses on the risk factors of n Helicobacter pylori infection in children, containing the perspectives of n Helicobacter pylori strains, hosts and environment, and looks forward to further research directions.n