目的评价行为干预对铁路建筑工地流动人口在改变艾滋病知识、态度和行为方面的效果。方法整群抽取合肥市某铁路施工企业在外施工的2个工地的流动人口进行干预研究。在基线调查的基础上对干预对象进行为期4～5个月的小媒介宣传和同伴教育等综合干预,之后再随访调查。结果通过对比干预前943名和干预后随访到的671名建筑工地流动人口有关艾滋病的知识、态度和行为,发现行为干预在不同程度上使建筑工地流动人口对艾滋病传播途径、预防知识等知晓率普遍提高,自我保护意识明显增强;因恐惧和歧视心理而采取消极态度者分别由9.8%、10.5%降至6.3%、3.5%(P值均<0.05);承认最近3个月内有过非婚性行为者的比例由干预前的24.8%下降到3.8%(P<0.01);最近一次非婚性行为使用安全套者由干预前的41.9%提高到64.3%(P<0.05),但在最近3个月内非婚性行为安全套使用频率干预前后比较未见显著性差异。结论行为干预对建筑工地流动人口在预防和控制艾滋病方面是有效的措施;但要长期地改变民工与STI/AIDS有关的高危性行为应建立长效的行为干预机制。 Objective To evaluate the effect of behavior intervention on the knowledge, attitude and behavior of migrants in railway construction sites in changing AIDS. Methods A cluster study was conducted to investigate the floating population of 2 construction sites in a railway construction enterprise in Hefei City. On the basis of the baseline survey, interventions were conducted for 4-5 months for small-media publicity and companion education and other comprehensive interventions, followed by follow-up survey. Results By comparing 943 pre-interventions and 671 HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among migrant workers at construction sites, behavioral interventions found that on some levels, awareness of AIDS transmission and prevention knowledge among migrant workers in construction sites was common Increased their awareness of self-protection significantly; those who took a negative attitude due to fear and discrimination decreased from 9.8% and 10.5% to 6.3% and 3.5% respectively (all P <0.05). They admitted that they had been unmarried in the recent 3 months The proportion of sex workers decreased from 24.8% before intervention to 3.8% (P <0.01). The number of condom use in recent unmarried sex was increased from 41.9% before intervention to 64.3% (P <0.05) Months of non-marital condom use frequency of intervention before and after the comparison showed no significant difference. Conclusion Behavioral interventions are effective measures to prevent and control AIDS among migrant workers in construction sites. However, long-term behavioral intervention mechanisms should be established to long-term change migrant workers’ high-risk sexual behaviors related to STI / AIDS.