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银毛龙葵(Solanum elaeagnifolium)是一种全球广泛分布的恶性杂草,已被列入中国进境检疫性有害生物名单。银毛龙葵已于2012年入侵中国并呈扩散蔓延趋势,明确其传入途径和适生区对制定早期监测预警具有重要意义。本研究首先通过银毛龙葵在全球的扩散动态分析明确了其在全球跨区域扩散的驱动力与传入中国的主要途径,进而利用其全球已知分布构建Maxent生态位模型模拟其环境适应梯度并把模拟的最优环境生态位投影到中国预测其潜在的适生区域。结果表明:除东北三省、内蒙古、青海、新疆天山山脉以北、河北北部地区以外的区域都是其适生区,其中高风险区主要集中在东部和南部沿海、西南边境和新疆南疆的部分地区;针对银毛龙葵在中国广阔的适生区以及繁殖能力强、繁殖体易于随交通工具、农事活动、进口粮谷和饲料等传入和扩散的特性,其在中国即将进入一个快速扩散阶段;建议对新入侵的地区采取早期监测预警与根除措施,加大适生区内进口货物接受港口、机场、进口货物中转站、加工厂等极易传入区域的监测力度,以预防其再次入侵,控制其在中国的进一步扩散。
Solanum elaeagnifolium is a globally distributed malignant weed that has been included in the Chinese list of quarantine pests. Silversidera has invaded China in 2012 and is spreading and spreading. It is of great significance to clarify the ways in which it is introduced and the suitable areas for the development of early monitoring and early warning. In this study, we first identified the driving force of its spread across the world and the main ways of its spread into China through the dynamic analysis of the global diffusion of Silver Towhew, and then used its global known distribution to construct Maxent's niche model to simulate its environmental adaptation gradient The simulated optimal environmental niche is projected to China to predict its potential fitness area. The results show that except for the three northeastern provinces, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, north Xinjiang Tianshan Mountains and northern Hebei are all suitable areas for them, of which the high-risk areas are mainly concentrated in the east and south coasts, southwestern border and parts of southern Xinjiang In view of the characteristics of silver hawthorn in China's vast suitable habitat area and its strong reproductive capacity and easy propagation and propagation of propagules with vehicles, agricultural activities, imported cereals and feedstuffs, it is about to enter a stage of rapid proliferation in China. It is suggested that early detection and early warning and eradication measures should be taken in the newly invading areas so as to increase the monitoring of imported goods in ports suitable for use in the comfortable area, such as ports, airports, transit stations for imported goods, processing plants and other easily accessible areas so as to prevent their re-invasion, Control their further spread in China.