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抑癌基因的发现和研究标志着对肿瘤的研究进入了分子时代,为更进一步阐明基因的结构、调控以及功能的改变与肿瘤形成之间的关系提供了科学依据和可能性。抑癌基因的失活是细胞癌变的分子基础,抑癌基因失活将导致细胞增殖失控。本文就食管癌相关的抑癌基因p16、DPC4基因、PTEN、Rb基因、E-cad基因的分子结构、分子特性以及在食管癌发生发展中的变化作简要阐述,为食管癌的早期诊断、预后判断及预防和治疗提供理论基础。
The discovery and study of tumor suppressor gene indicates that the research of tumor has entered the molecular era and provided a scientific basis and possibility for further elucidating the relationship between gene structure, regulation and function change and tumorigenesis. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes is the molecular basis of cellular carcinogenesis, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes will lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. In this paper, the molecular structure, molecular characteristics of esophageal cancer-related tumor suppressor genes p16, DPC4, PTEN, Rb and E-cad and their changes in the development and progression of esophageal cancer are briefly described. They are the early diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal cancer Judgment and prevention and treatment provide the theoretical basis.