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华北落叶松是我国华北地区营造针叶树丰产林的首选树种,我国自20世纪60年代开始营建华北落叶松种子园,现部分种子园已建至第3代。但选优导致的种子园亲子代群体间的遗传多样性水平变化情况并不清楚,其分子水平的群体遗传基础也不明确,造成高世代育种及造林工作中种质资源不清等问题。本研究利用10对EST-SSR引物,分析了河北省龙头山林场华北落叶松良种基地种子园中1代、2代、3代优树群体的遗传多样性。每对引物的等位位点数为2~5个不等。1、2、3代的平均有效等位位点数分别为1.9204个、1.81个、2.0693个,Shannon指数分别为0.7127、0.7052、0.7908,且群体中杂合子过量。结果表明,1~3代种子园群体遗传多样性水平没有明显的差异,子代群体与亲代群体间遗传分化较小,遗传变异主要存在于每代群体内,而非世代群体间。
Larix principis-rupprechtii is the preferred species for coniferous and high-yielding forests in North China. Since the 1960s, China began to build a Larix principis-rupprechtii seed orchard, and some of the seed orchards have been constructed to the 3rd generation. However, the variation of genetic diversity among the progeny of seed orchard groups caused by the selection is not clear, and the population genetic basis at the molecular level is also not clear, resulting in unclear germplasm resources in breeding and afforestation work in high generations. In this study, 10 pairs of EST-SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of the first, second and third generation elite populations in the seed orchard of Larix principis-rupprechtii base in Longtoushan Forest Farm, Hebei Province. The number of alleles per pair of primers ranged from 2 to 5. The average number of effective alleles at 1, 2, and 3 generations were 1.9204, 1.81 and 2.0693, respectively. The Shannon indices were 0.7127, 0.7052 and 0.7908, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the genetic diversity between the first and third generation of seed orchard population. The genetic differentiation among the progeny population and the parental population was small, and the genetic variation mainly existed within each population instead of the intergenerational population.