优生优育、计划生育是我国的基本国策,每一对夫妇都希望生一个健康聪明的孩子,但自然界存在着各种因素可造成人体结构异常,染色体改变,基因突变或人体代谢所必须的酶异常或缺陷,使婴儿发育先天性代谢缺陷性疾病,造成体格和智力发育的障碍。而先天性发育缺陷已成为当今社会越来越 Prenatal and postnatal care and family planning are the basic national policies of our country. Each couple wants to have a healthy and clever child. However, there are various kinds of factors in nature that can cause abnormalities in the human body, chromosomal changes, genetic mutations, or enzyme abnormalities necessary for human metabolism Or defects, so that infants develop congenital metabolic defects, resulting in physical and mental retardation. Congenital developmental defects have become more and more in today’s society