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目的比较分析HIV阳性感染者在知晓HIV感染状况前后的不安全性行为和心理变化,为防制HIV性传播提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,对昆明市190名HIV感染者被告知HIV感染时和告知后6个月的性行为、心理反应回顾性调查,采用配对McNemar检验和多因素条件logistic回归分析进行统计学处理。结果知晓自己HIV血清学检测阳性结果后6个月和知晓时相比,因为感染HIV而产生的情绪低落、绝望心理、否认感染的人数比例分别由56.84%、34.21%、20.00%下降到18.95%、9.47%、4.74%,接受感染现实的由38.95%上升到78.42%;想报复社会的由4.21%下降到1.58%。担心受到歧视、家庭破裂、活不了多久的分别由61.58%、48.95%、37.37%下降到50.00%、28.42%、21.58%。愿意将自己个人状况告知他人的比例由21.05%上升到54.21%。知晓感染状况前后,发生性行为的人数比例分别为53.68%、48.42%,差异无统计学意义。但是发生不安全性行为的由59.80%下降到18.47%;阴道性交每次使用安全套的比例由23.38%上升到77.92%。在首次告知6个月后,接受安全套发放服务的人数比例由35.26%上升到64.74%。结论阳性告知对感染者的心理变化的影响是复杂的,必须提高社会、家庭和HIV感染者对艾滋病的认识,减少歧视,开展针对性宣传和教育,以缓解HIV感染者的精神压力。
Objective To compare and analyze the unsafe behavior and psychological changes before and after knowing the status of HIV infection among HIV positive persons and provide a scientific basis for the prevention of HIV transmission. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the sexual behaviors and psychological reactions of 190 HIV-infected persons in Kunming during HIV infection and 6 months after informed consent. The results were analyzed by paired McNemar test and multivariate logistic regression analysis Statistical analysis. Results Six months after receiving HIV positive serology results, the proportion of people who became infected with HIV was depressed, despair, and the number of people who deny infection decreased from 56.84%, 34.21% and 20.00% to 18.95%, respectively. , 9.47% and 4.74%, respectively, and the actual number of infected patients rose from 38.95% to 78.42%. The rate of retaliation for society dropped from 4.21% to 1.58%. Fear of discrimination, family breakdown, how long will not be able to live from 61.58%, 48.95%, 37.37% down to 50.00%, 28.42%, 21.58%. The proportion of people who are willing to inform others about their personal status has risen from 21.05% to 54.21%. Before and after knowing the infection status, the proportion of the number of people who had sex with each other was 53.68% and 48.42% respectively, with no significant difference. However, the incidence of unsafe sex decreased from 59.80% to 18.47%. The proportion of condom use during vaginal intercourse increased from 23.38% to 77.92%. After the first notification of 6 months, the proportion of those receiving condoms delivery service increased from 35.26% to 64.74%. Conclusion The positive impact of informed publicity on the psychological changes of people living with HIV infection is complex. HIV / AIDS awareness among society, families and HIV / AIDS patients must be raised, discrimination and targeted publicity and education must be promoted so as to alleviate the mental stress of HIV-infected people.