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“周秦之变”指的是秦朝与西周相比在社会结构方面发生的深刻变化,其实质是由国家与社会二元一体的结构变为国家与社会二元对立的结构。变化的直接原因是作为国家社会二元一体基础的西周宗法制的崩溃。宗法制的社会基础是农业民族的祖先崇拜心理。春秋战国时代黄河流域人口激增,治水、救灾成为保障农业生产和农业人口正常生活的前提,客观上要求统一和集权。西周松散的社会结构落后于时代需要,最终被统一的中央集权的秦王朝取代,但由于没有也不可能真正摧毁以血缘为基础的社会基层组织,事实上造成了国家与社会二元对立的结构形式。
The Change of the Zhou and Qin Dynasties refers to the profound changes in the social structure of the Qin and Qin dynasties compared with the Western Zhou Dynasty. The essence of the Qin and Chao Dynasties changes from a dual structure of state and society into a dualistic structure of state and society. The direct reason for the change is the collapse of Western Zhou Zongzong’s legal system, which is the basis of the dual unity of state society. The social basis of patriarchal clan system is the ancestor worship psychology of the agricultural nation. During the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, the population of the Yellow River basin increased sharply. Water treatment and disaster relief became the preconditions for guaranteeing the normal life of agricultural production and agricultural population, and objectively required unification and centralization. The loose social structure in the Western Zhou dynasty lagged behind the needs of the times and was eventually replaced by a centralized centralized Qin dynasty. However, without it, it is impossible to actually destroy the blood-based social grass-roots organizations, in fact creating a dualistic structure of state and society form.