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本文针对机床导轨中用量最大的动压型导轨目前存在的问题,提出以下几方面的看法:①动压型导轨普遍存在的“重”、“爬”、“磨”三大缺点,主要的成因为润滑状态不良;②为改善动压型导轨的润滑状态,最有效而且简单的办法是科学地控制导轨表面的几何形貌;③目前,动压型导轨还没有可靠的设计理论和设计方法。作者对现行的一些计算公式、判据举例进行了计算和评述,认为它们常常不大可靠的主要原因是忽略了表面形貌因素;④作者对我国创造的“宽(浅)刮法”导轨的润滑状态(承载能力和油膜厚度)进行了理论计算。计算结果与试验值比较一致。在理论计算的基础上,认为“宽(浅)刮法”还有很大的潜力,并对改进方向提出了看法;⑤作者认为JB2278-78所规定的导轨刮削规范,性能是很差的,建议修改这个规范。
In view of the existing problems of dynamic pressure type guide rail with the largest amount in machine tool guideway, the following aspects are put forward: (1) The three major disadvantages of “heavy”, “climbing” and “grinding” Because of the poor lubrication state; (2) In order to improve the lubrication state of dynamic pressure guide rail, the most effective and simple method is to scientifically control the geometry of the guide rail surface. (3) At present, there is no reliable design theory and design method for dynamic pressure guideway. The author calculated and evaluated some existing calculation formulas and criterions. The main reason that they are often not reliable is that they ignore the surface topography. (4) Lubrication conditions (bearing capacity and film thickness) were calculated theoretically. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental values. On the basis of theoretical calculation, it is considered that “wide (shallow) scraping method” has great potential and puts forward some suggestions for improving its direction. ⑤The author thinks that the guide rail scraping rule stipulated in JB2278-78 has poor performance, Proposed to amend this specification.