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用两用核不育系农垦58S、5460S、W6154S 为试验材料,于1989～1990年分别在江西农大农学试验站(28°46′N)和赣州地区农科所(25°50′N)采用分期播种的方法,每隔10天一期,共10期进行试验.自见穗之日起,每天或隔日取出3～5cm 的穗子3～5个进行花粉镜检,并对镜检穗套袋,考查自交结实率;同时,另挂牌3～5个穗,成熟时考查自然结实率,整理出每天的气象记载资料,找出每日花粉不育率所对应的敏感期的光照长度(x_1)、日均温(x_2)、最高温(x_3)、最低温(x_4)、光期温(x_5)、暗期温(x_6)、光暗期温差(x_7)和相对湿度(x_8)的平均值.以这8个气象因素为自交量,花粉不育率为因变量,在微机上进行多元分析和通径分析.研究结果表明:1.两用核不育系农垦58S、5460S、W6154S 的育性转换是若干个气象因素综合作用的结果,且各气象因素之间存在着较强的交互作用.2.农垦58S 育性转换主要受控于光照长度,但日均温、光期温、光暗期温差,相对湿度对其育性转换都有较为重要的作用.对农垦58S 育性转换影响的直接效应大小依次为:光照长度、日均温、光期温、光暗期温差及相对湿度;间接效应最大的是光期温。其次为日均温、光暗期温差、相对湿度、光照长度.光期温通过日均温对农垦58S 花粉不育率的交互作用最大,其次为日均温通过光照长度对花粉不育率的交互作用.3.温度是诱导5460S 育性转换的主要因素.光照长度、光期温、暗期温、光暗期温差及相对湿度也有一定的作用.对5460S 花粉不育率的直接效应和间接效应大小为:光期温>暗期温>光暗期温差>光照长度>相对湿度.光期温和暗期温相互对花粉不育率的决定系数最大,其次为光期温和光暗期温差的决定系数.4.对W6154S 的育性转换的影响,也主要是温度.对其直接效应大小为:暗期温>最低温>日均温>光长.因此,两用核不育系的育性转换是受光、温、湿等气象因素综合作用的结果,但有主次之分.光敏型核不育系育性转换以光照长度诱导为主,温度作用中光期温比暗期温作用大,这与作者以前的结论相一致;温敏型核不育系的育性转换以温度诱导为主,但各温度因子对不同遗传背景的温敏核不育系的育性转换的作用大小不同,对来自农垦58S 核背景的 W6154S 的育性转换,暗期温的作用大于光期温,刚好与对农垦58S 的作用相反,而光期温和暗期温对5460S 的育性转换都有显著的效应.
Nongken 58S, 5460S and W6154S were used as experimental materials in the two-way nuclear sterile line, and they were used in agro-experiment station of Jiangxi Agricultural University (28 ° 46’N) and Ganzhou agricultural institute (25 ° 50’N) from 1989 to 1990 respectively Staged sowing method, every 10 days a period, a total of 10. Since the earliest date, every day or every other day to remove 3 ~ 5cm of the ear 3 to 5 microscopic examination of pollen, and the mirror spike bagging , Check the selfing rate; the same time, the other 3 to 5 spikes listed, maturity, check the rate of natural seed set, sorting out the daily meteorological records to identify the daily pollen sterility corresponding sensitive period light length (x_1 , Average daily temperature (x_2), maximum temperature (x_3), minimum temperature (x_4), photoperiod temperature (x_5), dark phase temperature (x_6), light and dark phase temperature difference (x_7) and relative humidity (x_8) Value.The eight meteorological factors as the selfing amount and the pollen sterility rate as the dependent variable, the multivariate analysis and the path analysis were carried out on the microcomputer.The results showed that: (1) Nongken 58S, 5460S, W6154S Fertility conversion is the result of a number of meteorological factors, and there is a strong interaction between meteorological factors.2.The fertility conversion of Nongken 58S is mainly controlled by light Length, but average daily temperature, light temperature, light and dark temperature and relative humidity all play an important role in fertility conversion.The direct effects on the conversion of Nongken 58S fertility were: light length, average daily temperature , Light temperature, light and dark temperature and relative humidity; the indirect effect is the maximum light temperature. Followed by the average daily temperature, light and dark period temperature, relative humidity and light length.The maximum daily temperature of photosynthesis had the highest interaction on the pollen sterility rate of Nongken 58S, followed by the daily average temperature of pollen sterility rate Interaction.3.Temperature was the main factor inducing 5460S fertility transformation.The light length, photoperiod temperature, dark period temperature, light and dark period temperature difference and relative humidity also had a certain effect.The direct effect on the 5460S pollen sterility rate and indirect The effect size was as follows: photoperiod temperature> dark period temperature> light-dark period temperature> light length> relative humidity. The coefficient of determination of pollen sterility was the largest in the photosynthetic light and dark periods, followed by the temperature difference The coefficient of determination .4 on W6154S fertility conversion, but also the main temperature, its direct effect size: dark period temperature> minimum temperature> daily average temperature> light length. Sexual conversion is the result of the combined action of meteorological factors such as light, temperature and humidity, but there are primary and secondary points.The fertility transformation of photo-sensitive genic male sterile line is mainly induced by light length, Large, consistent with the authors’ previous conclusions; thermo-sensitive genic male sterility The main reason for the fertility transformation was temperature induction. However, the effects of different temperature factors on the fertility transformation of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines with different genetic backgrounds were different. The fertility transformation of W6154S from Nongken 58S nuclear background, Is larger than the photoperiod temperature, which is just opposite to that of Nongken 58S. However, the mild photoperiod temperature has a significant effect on fertility conversion of 5460S.