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目的分析参与式培训方法对打磨工人职业健康的干预效果。方法采用分层随机抽样法,选取广州市50家制造类企业中从事打磨作业的930名工人为研究对象,其中干预组467人,对照组463人。干预组工人采用参与式培训方法,对照组工人采用传统式培训方法。于培训干预前、干预后立即和干预后3个月3个时间点分别采用《打磨工人职业健康知、信、行问卷调查表》对2组工人的职业健康知识、信念、行为水平和对培训干预效果的评价进行调查。结果 2组工人干预后立即时间点的知识、信念和行为得分均高于同组干预前(P<0.05);干预组工人干预后3个月时间点的知识和行为得分均高于同组干预前(P<0.05),并且知识和行为得分均高于同时间点对照组(P<0.05)。干预组工人干预后3个月对防护措施运行状况和警示标识的评价得分均低于同时间点对照组(P<0.01)。干预后3个月,干预组工人认为培训在提高职业健康知识、提高危险因素识别能力、学会使用个人防护用品、帮助其他工人、有信心提出建议和愿意介绍其他工人参加培训6个方面的有效率均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论参与式培训是一种有效的干预模式,有利于提高工人对职业健康知识、信念、行为的认知。
Objective To analyze the intervention effect of participatory training on the occupational health of sanding workers. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 930 workers engaged in grinding work in 50 manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou, including 467 intervention group and 463 control group. Participants in the intervention group adopted participatory training methods and workers in the control group adopted traditional training methods. Before and after training intervention, immediately after intervention and 3 months after intervention, three time points were used respectively to investigate the occupational health knowledge, beliefs, behavior level and training of workers in the two groups Evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions to investigate. Results The scores of knowledge, beliefs and behaviors of the two groups of workers immediately after intervention were higher than those of the same group before intervention (P <0.05). The knowledge and behavior scores of intervention group at 3 months after intervention were higher than those of the same group (P <0.05), and the score of knowledge and behavior were higher than that of the control group at the same time point (P <0.05). Three months after intervention, workers in the intervention group scored lower than the control group (P <0.01) in their evaluation of operational status and warning signs of protective measures. Three months after the intervention, the workers in the intervention group considered that training was effective in improving occupational health knowledge, improving the ability of identifying risk factors, learning to use personal protective equipment, helping other workers, making suggestions and being willing to introduce other workers in training All higher than the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion Participatory training is an effective intervention model, which helps to improve workers’ knowledge of occupational health, beliefs and behaviors.