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目的探索家庭主妇干预的方式,为开展农村地区慢性病防治提供可借鉴的模式。方法于2014年7-10月在重庆市永川区采用随机抽样法抽取临江镇和来苏镇,以“自愿报名”或“推选”的原则,各随机招募30名家庭主妇进行健康培训,并由接受培训的家庭主妇对其家庭成员进行健康干预,共599名干预对象,其中家庭主妇60名。分别在干预前后进行知信行问卷调查,用SPSS 21.0软件对干预前后慢性病相关知信行改变情况采用配对资料的χ~2检验,等级资料采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验。结果干预后,慢性病的相关知晓率包括体重、腰围、食品标签、糖尿病病名、空腹血糖诊断糖尿病的标准和糖尿病前期(糖调节受损)的知晓率(分别为90.3%、83.0%、60.0%、93.0%、93.8%和78.3%)与干预前(分别为74.1%、65.3%、35.4%、79.1%、72.1%和51.0%)比较均有所上升,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为46.81、57.92、96.00、56.01、100.60和180.64,P<0.01);干预后慢性病相关态度也均有好转,与干预前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);慢性病相关生活行为中,吸烟、饮酒率的比例分别由干预前37.6%和53.6%下降为干预后23.9%和8.8%,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为20.25、218.61,P<0.01),主动咨询过医务人员慢性病预防控制知识的比例由干预前55.3%上升为干预后67.3%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=39.27,P<0.01)。结论永川区家庭主妇健康教育与干预随访效果较好。建议推广家庭主妇的健康干预模式,从而改善农村地区慢性病患病情况。
Objective To explore the ways of housewives intervention and provide a reference model for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in rural areas. Methods From July to October 2014, Yongjiang District of Chongqing Municipality adopted random sampling method to select Linjiang Town and Laosu Town, and randomly recruited 30 housewives for the purpose of “voluntary registration” or “selection” Health training and health interventions for family members by trained housewives for a total of 599 interventions, including 60 housewives. Before and after the intervention, we conducted a questionnaire survey of knowledge and information, and SPSS 21.0 software was used to test the chi-square test of paired data before and after the intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to the grade data. Results After the intervention, the related awareness rate of chronic diseases including body weight, waist circumference, food labeling, diabetes name, fasting blood glucose, diabetics and pre-diabetes awareness (90.3%, 83.0%, 60.0% 93.0%, 93.8% and 78.3%, respectively) were significantly higher than those before intervention (74.1%, 65.3%, 35.4%, 79.1%, 72.1% and 51.0% respectively) Respectively, 46.81,57.92,96.00,56.01,100.60 and 180.64, P <0.01). After the intervention, the relative attitudes of chronic diseases also improved, compared with those before intervention, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.01) Smoking and drinking rate decreased from 37.6% and 53.6% before intervention to 23.9% and 8.8% after intervention respectively, the differences were statistically significant (χ ~ 2 values were 20.25 and 218.61, P <0.01) Consultation with medical staff chronic prevention and control of chronic disease knowledge ratio increased from 55.3% before intervention to 67.3% after intervention, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 39.27, P <0.01). Conclusion Yongchuan housewife health education and intervention follow-up better. It is recommended to promote the health interventions for housewives so as to improve the prevalence of chronic diseases in rural areas.