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铀作为重要的核材料,是核燃料循环中最受关注的元素之一。在铀的开采、纯化以及应用等过程中,不可避免地会产生铀的释放。环境中的无机酸根及土壤有机质的羧酸根可与铀形成配合物,从而可能影响其迁移与吸附行为。通过研究铀酰配合物晶体的结构可以为吸附或迁移模型以及从分子水平探讨吸附机理提供结构参数。本文综述了国际上铀酰固体化学领域的研究进展,阐述了铀酰配合物的结构特点,铀酰无机含氧酸、过氧及草酸配合物的合成与晶体结构。在对国内外主要开展铀酰配合物晶体研究的课题组之研究工作进行归纳和分析的基础上,提出铀酰配合物研究的思路和建议,以期为国内锕系元素固体化学研究工作的开展提供参考。
Uranium, as an important nuclear material, is one of the most watched elements in the nuclear fuel cycle. In the uranium mining, purification and application process, will inevitably produce uranium release. In the environment, inorganic acid and soil organic matter carboxylate can form complexes with uranium, which may affect the migration and adsorption behavior. By studying the structure of uranyl complex crystals, structural parameters can be provided for adsorption or migration models and to explore adsorption mechanisms at the molecular level. This review summarizes the progress in the field of uranyl solid-state chemistry internationally, and elucidates the structural characteristics of uranyl complexes, the synthesis and crystal structure of uranyl inorganic oxyacid, peroxygen and oxalate complexes. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the research work of the research group mainly studying the crystal of uranyl complex at home and abroad, the research ideas and suggestions of uranyl complex are put forward in the hope of providing the domestic research on the solid state chemistry of actinides reference.